Library ALEA.Uprop

Uprop.v : Properties of operators on [0,1]

Add Rec LoadPath "." as ALEA.

Set Implicit Arguments.
Require Export Utheory.
Require Export Arith.
Require Export Omega.

Open Local Scope U_scope.

Notation "[1/] n" := (Unth (pred n)) (at level 35, right associativity).

Direct consequences of axioms

Lemma Uplus_le_compat_right : forall x y z:U, y <= z -> x + y <= x + z.
Hint Resolve Uplus_le_compat_right.

Instance Uplus_mon2 : monotonic2 Uplus.
Save.
Hint Resolve Uplus_mon2.

Lemma Uplus_le_compat_left : forall x y z:U, x <= y -> x + z <= y + z.
Hint Resolve Uplus_le_compat_left.

Lemma Uplus_le_compat : forall x y z t, x <= y -> z <= t -> x + z <= y + t.
Hint Immediate Uplus_le_compat.

Lemma Uplus_eq_compat_left : forall x y z:U, x == y -> x + z == y + z.
Hint Resolve Uplus_eq_compat_left.

Lemma Uplus_eq_compat_right : forall x y z:U, x == y -> (z + x ) == (z + y ).

Hint Resolve Uplus_eq_compat_left Uplus_eq_compat_right.

Add Morphism Uplus with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as Uplus_eq_compat.
Qed.
Hint Immediate Uplus_eq_compat.

Add Morphism Uinv with signature Oeq ==> Oeq as Uinv_eq_compat.
Qed.
Hint Resolve Uinv_eq_compat.

Lemma Uplus_zero_right : forall x:U, x + 0 == x.
Hint Resolve Uplus_zero_right.

Lemma Uinv_opp_left : forall x, [1-] x + x == 1.
Hint Resolve Uinv_opp_left.

Lemma Uinv_opp_right : forall x, x + [1-] x == 1.
Hint Resolve Uinv_opp_right.

Lemma Uinv_inv : forall x : U, [1-] [1-] x == x.
Hint Resolve Uinv_inv.

Lemma Unit : forall x:U, x <= 1.
Hint Resolve Unit.

Lemma Uinv_zero : [1-] 0 = 1.

Lemma Ueq_class : forall x y:U, class (x ==y).

Lemma Ueq_double_neg : forall x y : U, ~ ~ (x == y ) -> x == y.
Hint Resolve Ueq_class.
Hint Immediate Ueq_double_neg.

Lemma Ule_orc : forall x y : U, orc (x <=y) (~ x <=y).
Implicit Arguments Ule_orc [].

Lemma Ueq_orc : forall x y:U, orc (x ==y) (~ x ==y).
Implicit Arguments Ueq_orc [].

Lemma Upos : forall x:U, 0 <= x.

Lemma Ule_0_1 : 0 <= 1.

Hint Resolve Upos Ule_0_1.

Properties of == derived from properties of <=

Definition UPlus : U -m > U -m > U := mon2 Uplus.

Definition UPlus_simpl : forall x y, UPlus x y = x +y.
Save.

Instance Uplus_continuous2 : continuous2 (mon2 Uplus).
Save.

Hint Resolve Uplus_continuous2.

Lemma Uplus_lub_eq : forall f g : nat -m > U,
      lub f + lub g == lub ((UPlus @2 f) g).

Lemma Umult_le_compat_right : forall x y z:U, y <= z -> x * y <= x * z.
Hint Resolve Umult_le_compat_right.

Instance Umult_mon2 : monotonic2 Umult.
Save.

Lemma Umult_le_compat_left : forall x y z:U, x <= y -> x * z <= y * z.
Hint Resolve Umult_le_compat_left.

Lemma Umult_le_compat : forall x y z t, x <= y -> z <= t -> x * z <= y * t.
Hint Immediate Umult_le_compat.

Definition UMult : U -m > U -m > U := mon2 Umult.

Lemma Umult_eq_compat_left : forall x y z:U, x == y -> (x * z ) == (y * z ).
Hint Resolve Umult_eq_compat_left.

Lemma Umult_eq_compat_right : forall x y z:U, x == y -> (z * x ) == (z * y ).

Hint Resolve Umult_eq_compat_left Umult_eq_compat_right.

Definition UMult_simpl : forall x y, UMult x y = x *y.
Save.

Instance Umult_continuous2 : continuous2 (mon2 Umult).
Save.
Hint Resolve Umult_continuous2.

Lemma Umult_lub_eq : forall f g : nat -m > U,
      lub f * lub g == lub ((UMult @2 f) g).

Lemma Umultk_lub_eq : forall (k:U) (f : nat -m > U),
      k * lub f == lub (UMult k @ f).

U is a setoid

Add Morphism Umult with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq
as Umult_eq_compat.
Qed.

Hint Immediate Umult_eq_compat.

Instance Uinv_mon : monotonic (o1:=Iord U) Uinv.
Save.

Definition UInv : U --m > U := mon (o1:=Iord U) Uinv.

Definition UInv_simpl : forall x, UInv x = [1-]x.
Save.

Lemma Ule_eq_compat :
forall x1 x2 : U, x1 == x2 -> forall x3 x4 : U, x3 == x4 -> x1 <= x3 -> x2 <= x4.

Properties of x < y on U

Lemma Ult_class : forall x y, class ( x < y ).
Hint Resolve Ult_class.

Lemma Ult_notle_equiv : forall x y:U, x < y <-> ~ (y <= x ).

Lemma notUle_lt : forall x y:U, ~ (y <= x ) -> x < y.

Hint Immediate notUle_lt.

Lemma notUlt_le : forall x y, ~ x < y -> y <= x.

Hint Immediate notUlt_le.

Properties of x <= y

Lemma notUle_le : forall x y:U, ~ (y <= x ) -> x <= y.
Hint Immediate notUle_le.

Lemma Ule_zero_eq : forall x:U, x <= 0 -> x == 0.

Lemma Uge_one_eq : forall x:U, 1 <= x -> x == 1.

Hint Immediate Ule_zero_eq Uge_one_eq.

Properties of x < y

Lemma Ult_neq_zero : forall x, ~ 0 == x -> 0 < x.

Lemma Ult_neq_one : forall x, ~ 1 == x -> x < 1.

Hint Resolve Ule_total Ult_neq_zero Ult_neq_one.

Lemma not_Ult_eq_zero : forall x, ~ 0 < x -> 0 == x.

Lemma not_Ult_eq_one : forall x, ~ x < 1 -> 1 == x.

Hint Immediate not_Ult_eq_zero not_Ult_eq_one.

Lemma Ule_lt_orc_eq : forall x y, x <= y -> orc (x < y) (x == y).
Hint Resolve Ule_lt_orc_eq.

Lemma Udiff_lt_orc : forall x y, ~ x == y -> orc (x < y) (y < x).
Hint Resolve Udiff_lt_orc.

Lemma Uplus_pos_elim : forall x y,
0 < x + y -> orc (0 < x) (0 < y).

Properties of + and *

Lemma Udistr_plus_left : forall x y z, y <= [1-] z -> x * (y + z ) == x * y + x * z.

Lemma Udistr_inv_left : forall x y, [1-](x * y ) == (x * ([1-] y )) + [1-] x.

Hint Resolve Uinv_eq_compat Udistr_plus_left Udistr_inv_left.

Lemma Uplus_perm2 : forall x y z:U, x + (y + z ) == y + (x + z ).

Lemma Umult_perm2 : forall x y z:U, x * (y * z ) == y * (x * z ).

Lemma Uplus_perm3 : forall x y z : U, (x + (y + z )) == z + (x + y ).

Lemma Umult_perm3 : forall x y z : U, (x * (y * z )) == z * (x * y ).

Hint Resolve Uplus_perm2 Umult_perm2 Uplus_perm3 Umult_perm3.

Lemma Uinv_simpl : forall x y : U, [1-] x == [1-] y -> x == y.

Hint Immediate Uinv_simpl.

Lemma Umult_decomp : forall x y, x == x * y + x * [1-]y.
Hint Resolve Umult_decomp.

More properties on + and * and Uinv

Lemma Umult_one_right : forall x:U, x * 1 == x.
Hint Resolve Umult_one_right.

Lemma Umult_one_right_eq : forall x y:U, y == 1 -> x * y == x.
Hint Resolve Umult_one_right_eq.

Lemma Umult_one_left_eq : forall x y:U, x == 1 -> x * y == y.
Hint Resolve Umult_one_left_eq.

Lemma Udistr_plus_left_le : forall x y z : U, x * (y + z ) <= x * y + x * z.

Lemma Uplus_eq_simpl_right :
forall x y z:U, z <= [1-] x -> z <= [1-] y -> (x + z ) == (y + z ) -> x == y.

Lemma Ule_plus_right : forall x y, x <= x + y.

Lemma Ule_plus_left : forall x y, y <= x + y.
Hint Resolve Ule_plus_right Ule_plus_left.

Lemma Ule_mult_right : forall x y, x * y <= x .

Lemma Ule_mult_left : forall x y, x * y <= y.
Hint Resolve Ule_mult_right Ule_mult_left.

Lemma Uinv_le_perm_right : forall x y:U, x <= [1-] y -> y <= [1-] x.
Hint Immediate Uinv_le_perm_right.

Lemma Uinv_le_perm_left : forall x y:U, [1-] x <= y -> [1-] y <= x.
Hint Immediate Uinv_le_perm_left.

Lemma Uinv_le_simpl : forall x y:U, [1-] x <= [1-] y -> y <= x.
Hint Immediate Uinv_le_simpl.

Lemma Uinv_double_le_simpl_right : forall x y, x <=y -> x <= [1-][1-]y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_double_le_simpl_right.

Lemma Uinv_double_le_simpl_left : forall x y, x <=y -> [1-][1-]x <= y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_double_le_simpl_left.

Lemma Uinv_eq_perm_left : forall x y:U, x == [1-] y -> [1-] x == y.
Hint Immediate Uinv_eq_perm_left.

Lemma Uinv_eq_perm_right : forall x y:U, [1-] x == y -> x == [1-] y.

Hint Immediate Uinv_eq_perm_right.

Lemma Uinv_eq : forall x y:U, x == [1-] y <-> [1-] x == y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_eq.

Lemma Uinv_eq_simpl : forall x y:U, [1-] x == [1-] y -> x == y.
Hint Immediate Uinv_eq_simpl.

Lemma Uinv_double_eq_simpl_right : forall x y, x ==y -> x == [1-][1-]y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_double_eq_simpl_right.

Lemma Uinv_double_eq_simpl_left : forall x y, x ==y -> [1-][1-]x == y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_double_eq_simpl_left.

Lemma Uinv_plus_right : forall x y, y <= [1-] x -> [1-] (x + y ) + y == [1-] x.
Hint Resolve Uinv_plus_right.

Lemma Uplus_eq_simpl_left :
forall x y z:U, x <= [1-] y -> x <= [1-] z -> (x + y ) == (x + z ) -> y == z.

Lemma Uplus_eq_zero_left : forall x y:U, (x <= [1-] y)-> (x + y ) == y -> x == 0.

Lemma Uplus_le_zero_left : forall x y:U, x <= [1-] y -> (x + y ) <= y -> x == 0.

Lemma Uplus_le_zero_right : forall x y:U, x <= [1-] y -> (x + y ) <= x -> y == 0.

Lemma Uinv_le_trans : forall x y z t, x <= [1-] y -> z <= x -> t <= y -> z <= [1-] t.

Lemma Uinv_plus_left_le : forall x y, [1-]y <= [1-](x +y ) + x.

Lemma Uinv_plus_right_le : forall x y, [1-]x <= [1-](x +y ) + y.

Hint Resolve Uinv_plus_left_le Uinv_plus_right_le.

Disequality

Lemma neq_sym : forall x y:U, ~ x ==y -> ~ y ==x.
Hint Immediate neq_sym.

Lemma Uinv_neq_compat : forall x y, ~ x == y -> ~ [1-] x == [1-] y.

Lemma Uinv_neq_simpl : forall x y, ~ [1-] x == [1-] y-> ~ x == y.

Hint Resolve Uinv_neq_compat.
Hint Immediate Uinv_neq_simpl.

Lemma Uinv_neq_left : forall x y, ~ x == [1-] y -> ~ [1-] x == y.

Lemma Uinv_neq_right : forall x y, ~ [1-] x == y -> ~x == [1-] y.
Hint Immediate Uinv_neq_left Uinv_neq_right.

Properties of <

Lemma Ult_0_1 : (0 < 1).

Hint Resolve Ult_0_1.

Lemma Ule_neq_zero : forall (x y:U), ~ 0 == x -> x <= y -> ~ 0 == y.

Lemma Uplus_neq_zero_left : forall x y, ~ 0 == x -> ~ 0 == x +y.

Lemma Uplus_neq_zero_right : forall x y, ~ 0 == y -> ~ 0 == x +y.

Lemma Uplus_le_simpl_left : forall x y z : U, z <= [1-] x -> z + x <= z + y -> x <= y.

Lemma Uplus_lt_compat_left : forall x y z:U, z <= [1-] y -> x < y -> (x + z ) < (y + z ).

Lemma Uplus_lt_compat_right : forall x y z:U, z <= [1-] y -> x < y -> (z + x ) < (z + y ).

Hint Resolve Uplus_lt_compat_right Uplus_lt_compat_left.

Lemma Uplus_one_le : forall x y, x + y == 1 -> [1-] y <= x.
Hint Immediate Uplus_one_le.

Lemma Uplus_one : forall x y, [1-] x <= y -> x + y == 1.
Hint Resolve Uplus_one.

Lemma Uplus_lt_Uinv_lt : forall x y, x + y < 1 -> x < [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uplus_lt_Uinv_lt.

Lemma Uplus_one_lt : forall x y, x < [1-] y -> x + y < 1.
Hint Immediate Uplus_one_lt.

Lemma Uplus_lt_Uinv : forall x y, x + y < 1 -> x <= [1-] y.
Hint Immediate Uplus_lt_Uinv_lt.

Lemma Uplus_Uinv_one_lt : forall x y, x < y -> x + [1-]y < 1.
Hint Immediate Uplus_Uinv_one_lt.

Lemma Uinv_lt_perm_right : forall x y, x < [1-]y -> y < [1-]x.
Hint Immediate Uinv_lt_perm_right.

Lemma Uinv_lt_perm_left : forall x y, [1-]x < y -> [1-]y < x.
Hint Immediate Uinv_lt_perm_left.

Lemma Uplus_lt_compat_left_lt : forall x y z:U, z < [1-] x -> x < y -> (x + z ) < (y + z ).

Lemma Uplus_lt_compat_right_lt : forall x y z:U, z < [1-] x -> x < y -> (z + x ) < (z + y ).

Lemma Uplus_le_lt_compat_lt :
forall x y z t:U, z < [1-] x -> x <= y -> z < t -> (x + z ) < (y + t ).

Lemma Uplus_lt_le_compat_lt :
forall x y z t:U, z < [1-] x -> x < y -> z <= t -> (x + z ) < (y + t ).

Lemma Uplus_le_lt_compat :
forall x y z t:U, t <= [1-] y -> x <= y -> z < t -> (x + z ) < (y + t ).

Lemma Uplus_lt_le_compat :
forall x y z t:U, t <= [1-] y -> x < y -> z <= t -> (x + z ) < (y + t ).
Hint Immediate Uplus_le_lt_compat_lt Uplus_lt_le_compat_lt Uplus_le_lt_compat Uplus_lt_le_compat.

Lemma Uplus_lt_compat :
forall x y z t:U, t <= [1-] y -> x < y -> z < t -> (x + z ) < (y + t ).
Hint Immediate Uplus_lt_compat.

Lemma Uplus_lt_compat_lt :
forall x y z t:U, z < [1-] x -> x < y -> z < t -> (x + z ) < (y + t ).
Hint Immediate Uplus_lt_compat_lt.

Lemma Ult_plus_left : forall x y z : U, x < y -> x < y + z.

Lemma Ult_plus_right : forall x y z : U, x < z -> x < y + z.
Hint Immediate Ult_plus_left Ult_plus_right.

Lemma Uplus_lt_simpl_left : forall x y z:U, z + x < z + y -> x < y.

Lemma Uplus_lt_simpl_right : forall x y z:U, (x + z ) < (y + z ) -> x < y.

Lemma Uplus_eq_zero : forall x, x < 1 -> (x + x ) == x -> x == 0.

Lemma Umult_zero_left : forall x, 0 * x == 0.
Hint Resolve Umult_zero_left.

Lemma Umult_zero_right : forall x, (x * 0) == 0.
Hint Resolve Uplus_eq_zero Umult_zero_right.

Lemma Umult_zero_left_eq : forall x y, x == 0 -> x * y == 0.

Lemma Umult_zero_right_eq : forall x y, y == 0 -> x * y == 0.

Lemma Umult_zero_eq : forall x y z, x == 0 -> x * y == x * z.

Compatibility of operations with respect to order.

Lemma Umult_le_simpl_right : forall x y z, ~ 0 == z -> (x * z ) <= (y * z ) -> x <= y.
Hint Resolve Umult_le_simpl_right.

Lemma Umult_simpl_right : forall x y z, ~ 0 == z -> (x * z ) == (y * z ) -> x == y.

Lemma Umult_simpl_left : forall x y z, ~ 0 == x -> (x * y ) == (x * z ) -> y == z.

Lemma Umult_lt_compat_left : forall x y z, ~ 0 == z -> x < y -> (x * z ) < (y * z ).

Lemma Umult_lt_compat_right : forall x y z, ~ 0 == z -> x < y -> (z * x ) < (z * y ).

Lemma Umult_lt_simpl_right : forall x y z, ~ 0 == z -> (x * z ) < (y * z ) -> x < y.

Lemma Umult_lt_simpl_left : forall x y z, ~ 0 == z -> (z * x ) < (z * y ) -> x < y.

Hint Resolve Umult_lt_compat_left Umult_lt_compat_right.

Lemma Umult_zero_simpl_right : forall x y, 0 == x * y -> ~ 0 == x -> 0 == y.

Lemma Umult_zero_simpl_left : forall x y, 0 == x * y -> ~ 0 == y -> 0 == x.

Lemma Umult_neq_zero : forall x y, ~ 0 == x -> ~ 0 == y -> ~ 0 == x *y.
Hint Resolve Umult_neq_zero.

Lemma Umult_lt_zero : forall x y, 0 < x -> 0 < y -> 0 < x *y.
Hint Resolve Umult_lt_zero.

Lemma Umult_lt_compat : forall x y z t, x < y -> z < t -> x * z < y * t.

More Properties

Lemma Uplus_one_right : forall x, x + 1 == 1.

Lemma Uplus_one_left : forall x:U, 1 + x == 1.
Hint Resolve Uplus_one_right Uplus_one_left.

Lemma Uinv_mult_simpl : forall x y z t, x <= [1-] y -> (x * z ) <= [1-] (y * t ).
Hint Resolve Uinv_mult_simpl.

Lemma Umult_inv_plus : forall x y, x * [1-] y + y == x + y * [1-] x.
Hint Resolve Umult_inv_plus.

Lemma Umult_inv_plus_le : forall x y z, y <= z -> x * [1-] y + y <= x * [1-] z + z.
Hint Resolve Umult_inv_plus_le.

Lemma Uinv_lt_compat : forall x y : U, x < y -> [1-] y < [1-] x.
Hint Resolve Uinv_lt_compat.

Lemma Uinv_lt_simpl : forall x y : U, [1-] y < [1-] x -> x < y.
Hint Immediate Uinv_lt_simpl.

Lemma Ult_inv_Uplus : forall x y, x < [1-] y -> x + y < 1.

Hint Immediate Uplus_lt_Uinv Uinv_lt_perm_left Uinv_lt_perm_right Ult_inv_Uplus.

Lemma Uinv_lt_one : forall x, 0 < x -> [1-]x < 1.

Lemma Uinv_lt_zero : forall x, x < 1 -> 0 < [1-]x.

Hint Resolve Uinv_lt_one Uinv_lt_zero.

Lemma orc_inv_plus_one : forall x y, orc (x <=[1-]y) (x +y ==1).

Lemma Umult_lt_right : forall p q, p <1 -> 0 < q -> p * q < q.

Lemma Umult_lt_left : forall p q, 0 < p -> q < 1 -> p * q < p.

Hint Resolve Umult_lt_right Umult_lt_left.

Definition of x ^ n

Fixpoint Uexp (x:U) (n:nat) {struct n} : U :=
   match n with 0 => 1 | (S p) => x * Uexp x p end.

Infix "^" := Uexp : U_scope.

Lemma Uexp_1 : forall x, x ^1 == x.

Lemma Uexp_0 : forall x, x ^0 == 1.

Lemma Uexp_zero : forall n, (0<n)%nat -> 0^n == 0.

Lemma Uexp_one : forall n, 1^n == 1.

Lemma Uexp_le_compat_right :
      forall x n m, (n <=m)%nat -> x ^m <= x ^n.

Lemma Uexp_le_compat_left : forall x y n, x <= y -> x ^n <= y ^n.
Hint Resolve Uexp_le_compat_left Uexp_le_compat_right.

Lemma Uexp_le_compat : forall x y (n m:nat),
        x <= y -> n <= m -> x ^m <= y ^n.

Instance Uexp_mon2 : monotonic2 (o1:=Iord U) (o3:=Iord U) Uexp.
Save.

Definition UExp : U --m > (nat -m -> U ) := mon2 Uexp.

Add Morphism Uexp with signature Oeq ==> eq ==> Oeq as Uexp_eq_compat.
Save.

Lemma Uexp_inv_S : forall x n, ([1-]x ^(S n )) == x * ([1-]x ^n )+[1-]x.

Lemma Uexp_lt_compat : forall p q n, (O <n)%nat -> p <q -> (p ^n <q ^n).

Hint Resolve Uexp_lt_compat.

Lemma Uexp_lt_zero : forall p n, (0<p) -> (0<p ^n).
Hint Resolve Uexp_lt_zero.

Lemma Uexp_lt_one : forall p n, (0<n)%nat -> p <1 -> (p ^n <1).
Hint Resolve Uexp_lt_one.

Lemma Uexp_lt_antimon: forall p n m,
    (n <m)%nat-> 0 < p -> p < 1 -> p ^m < p ^n.
Hint Resolve Uexp_lt_antimon.

Properties of division

Lemma Udiv_mult : forall x y, ~ 0 == y -> x <= y -> (x /y ) * y == x.
Hint Resolve Udiv_mult.

Lemma Umult_div_le : forall x y, y * (x / y ) <= x.
Hint Resolve Umult_div_le.

Lemma Udiv_mult_le : forall x y, (x /y ) * y <= x.
Hint Resolve Udiv_mult_le.

Lemma Udiv_le_compat_left : forall x y z, x <= y -> x /z <= y /z.
Hint Resolve Udiv_le_compat_left.

Lemma Udiv_eq_compat_left : forall x y z, x == y -> x /z == y /z.
Hint Resolve Udiv_eq_compat_left.

Lemma Umult_div_le_left : forall x y z, ~ 0==y -> x *y <= z -> x <= z /y.

Lemma Udiv_le_compat_right : forall x y z, ~ 0==y -> y <= z -> x /z <= x /y.
Hint Resolve Udiv_le_compat_right.

Lemma Udiv_eq_compat_right : forall x y z, y == z -> x /z == x /y.
Hint Resolve Udiv_eq_compat_right.

Add Morphism Udiv with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as Udiv_eq_compat.
Save.

Add Morphism Udiv with signature Ole ++> Oeq ==> Ole as Udiv_le_compat.
Save.

Lemma Umult_div_eq : forall x y z, ~ 0 == y -> x * y == z -> x == z /y.

Lemma Umult_div_le_right : forall x y z, x <= y * z -> x /z <= y.

Lemma Udiv_le : forall x y, ~ 0 == y -> x <= x /y.

Lemma Udiv_zero : forall x, 0/x == 0.
Hint Resolve Udiv_zero.

Lemma Udiv_zero_eq : forall x y, 0 == x -> x /y == 0.
Hint Resolve Udiv_zero_eq.

Lemma Udiv_one : forall x, x /1 == x.
Hint Resolve Udiv_one.

Lemma Udiv_refl : forall x, ~ 0 == x -> x /x == 1.
Hint Resolve Udiv_refl.

Lemma Umult_div_assoc : forall x y z, y <= z-> (x * y ) / z == x * (y /z ).

Lemma Udiv_mult_assoc : forall x y z, x <= y * z -> x /(y * z ) == (x /y )/z.

Lemma Udiv_inv : forall x y, ~ 0 == y -> [1-](x /y ) <= ([1-]x )/y.

Lemma Uplus_div_inv : forall x y z, x +y <= z -> x <=[1-]y -> x /z <= [1-](y /z ).
Hint Resolve Uplus_div_inv.

Lemma Udiv_plus_le : forall x y z, x /z + y /z <= (x +y )/z.
Hint Resolve Udiv_plus_le.

Lemma Udiv_plus : forall x y z, (x +y )/z == x /z + y /z.
Hint Resolve Udiv_plus.

Lemma Umult_div_simpl_r : forall x y, ~ 0 == y -> (x * y ) / y == x.
Hint Resolve Umult_div_simpl_r.

Lemma Umult_div_simpl_l : forall x y, ~ 0 == x -> (x * y ) / x == y.
Hint Resolve Umult_div_simpl_l.

Instance Udiv_mon : forall k, monotonic (fun x => (x /k)).
Save.

Definition UDiv (k:U) : U -m > U := mon (fun x => (x /k)).

Lemma UDiv_simpl : forall (k:U) x, UDiv k x = x /k.

Definition and properties of x & y

A conjonction operation which coincides with min and mult on 0 and 1, see Morgan & McIver

Definition Uesp (x y:U) := [1-] ([1-] x + [1-] y ).

Infix "&" := Uesp (left associativity, at level 40) : U_scope.

Lemma Uinv_plus_esp : forall x y, [1-] (x + y ) == [1-] x & [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_plus_esp.

Lemma Uinv_esp_plus : forall x y, [1-] (x & y ) == [1-] x + [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_esp_plus.

Lemma Uesp_sym : forall x y : U, x & y == y & x.

Lemma Uesp_one_right : forall x : U, x & 1 == x.

Lemma Uesp_one_left : forall x : U, 1 & x == x.

Lemma Uesp_zero : forall x y, x <= [1-] y -> x & y == 0.

Hint Resolve Uesp_sym Uesp_one_right Uesp_one_left Uesp_zero.

Lemma Uesp_zero_right : forall x : U, x & 0 == 0.

Lemma Uesp_zero_left : forall x : U, 0 & x == 0.

Hint Resolve Uesp_zero_right Uesp_zero_left.

Add Morphism Uesp with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as Uesp_eq_compat.
Save.

Lemma Uesp_le_compat : forall x y z t, x <= y -> z <=t -> x & z <= y &t .

Hint Immediate Uesp_le_compat Uesp_eq_compat.

Lemma Uesp_assoc : forall x y z, x & (y & z ) == x & y & z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_assoc.

Lemma Uesp_zero_one_mult_left : forall x y, orc (x == 0) (x == 1) -> x & y == x * y.

Lemma Uesp_zero_one_mult_right : forall x y, orc (y == 0) (y == 1) -> x & y == x * y.

Hint Resolve Uesp_zero_one_mult_left Uesp_zero_one_mult_right.

Instance Uesp_mon : monotonic2 Uesp.
Save.

Definition UEsp : U -m > U -m > U := mon2 Uesp.

Lemma UEsp_simpl : forall x y, UEsp x y = x & y.

Lemma Uesp_le_left : forall x y, x & y <= x.

Lemma Uesp_le_right : forall x y, x & y <= y.

Hint Resolve Uesp_le_left Uesp_le_right.

Lemma Uesp_plus_inv : forall x y, [1-] y <= x -> x == x & y + [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uesp_plus_inv.

Lemma Uesp_le_plus_inv : forall x y, x <= x & y + [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uesp_le_plus_inv.

Lemma Uplus_inv_le_esp : forall x y z, x <= y + ([1-] z ) -> x & z <= y.
Hint Immediate Uplus_inv_le_esp.

Lemma Ult_esp_left : forall x y z, x < z -> x & y < z.

Lemma Ult_esp_right : forall x y z, y < z -> x & y < z.

Hint Immediate Ult_esp_left Ult_esp_right.

Lemma Uesp_lt_compat_left : forall x y z, [1-]x <= z -> x < y -> x & z < y & z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_lt_compat_left.

Lemma Uesp_lt_compat_right : forall x y z, [1-]x <= y -> y < z -> x & y < x & z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_lt_compat_left.

Lemma Uesp_le_one_right : forall x y, [1-]x <= y -> (x <= x & y) -> y == 1.

Lemma Uesp_eq_one_right : forall x y, [1-]x <= y -> (x == x & y) -> y == 1.

Lemma Uesp_le_one_left : forall x y, [1-]x <= y -> y <= x & y -> x == 1.

Definition and properties of x - y

Definition Uminus (x y:U) := [1-] ([1-] x + y ).

Infix "-" := Uminus : U_scope.

Lemma Uminus_le_compat_left : forall x y z, x <= y -> x - z <= y - z.

Lemma Uminus_le_compat_right : forall x y z, y <= z -> x - z <= x - y.

Hint Resolve Uminus_le_compat_left Uminus_le_compat_right.

Lemma Uminus_le_compat : forall x y z t, x <= y -> t <= z -> x - z <= y - t.

Hint Immediate Uminus_le_compat.

Add Morphism Uminus with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as Uminus_eq_compat.
Save.
Hint Immediate Uminus_eq_compat.

Lemma Uminus_zero_right : forall x, x - 0 == x.

Lemma Uminus_one_left : forall x, 1 - x == [1-] x.

Lemma Uminus_le_zero : forall x y, x <= y -> x - y == 0.

Hint Resolve Uminus_zero_right Uminus_one_left Uminus_le_zero.

Lemma Uminus_zero_left : forall x, 0 - x == 0.
Hint Resolve Uminus_zero_left.

Lemma Uminus_one_right : forall x, x - 1 == 0.
Hint Resolve Uminus_one_right.

Lemma Uminus_eq : forall x, x - x == 0.
Hint Resolve Uminus_eq.

Lemma Uminus_le_left : forall x y, x - y <= x.

Hint Resolve Uminus_le_left.

Lemma Uminus_le_inv : forall x y, x - y <= [1-]y.
Hint Resolve Uminus_le_inv.

Lemma Uminus_plus_simpl : forall x y, y <= x -> (x - y ) + y == x.

Lemma Uminus_plus_zero : forall x y, x <= y -> (x - y ) + y == y.

Hint Resolve Uminus_plus_simpl Uminus_plus_zero.

Lemma Uminus_plus_le : forall x y, x <= (x - y ) + y.

Hint Resolve Uminus_plus_le.

Lemma Uesp_minus_distr_left : forall x y z, (x & y ) - z == (x - z ) & y.

Lemma Uesp_minus_distr_right : forall x y z, (x & y ) - z == x & (y - z ).

Hint Resolve Uesp_minus_distr_left Uesp_minus_distr_right.

Lemma Uesp_minus_distr : forall x y z t, (x & y ) - (z + t ) == (x - z ) & (y - t ).
Hint Resolve Uesp_minus_distr.

Lemma Uminus_esp_simpl_left : forall x y, [1-]x <= y -> x - (x & y ) == [1-]y.

Lemma Uplus_esp_simpl : forall x y, (x - (x & y )) + y == x + y.
Hint Resolve Uminus_esp_simpl_left Uplus_esp_simpl.

Lemma Uplus_esp_simpl_right : forall x y, x + (y - (x & y )) == x + y.
Hint Resolve Uplus_esp_simpl_right.

Lemma Uminus_esp_le_inv : forall x y, x - (x & y ) <= [1-]y.

Hint Resolve Uminus_esp_le_inv.

Lemma Uplus_esp_inv_simpl : forall x y, x <= [1-]y -> (x + y ) & [1-]y == x.
Hint Resolve Uplus_esp_inv_simpl.

Lemma Uplus_inv_esp_simpl : forall x y, x <= y -> (x + [1-]y ) & y == x.
Hint Resolve Uplus_inv_esp_simpl.

Definition and properties of max

Definition max (x y : U) : U := (x - y ) + y.

Lemma max_eq_left : forall x y : U, y <= x -> max x y == x.

Lemma max_eq_right : forall x y : U, x <= y -> max x y == y.

Hint Resolve max_eq_left max_eq_right.

Lemma max_eq_case : forall x y : U, orc (max x y == x) (max x y == y).

Add Morphism max with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as max_eq_compat.
Save.

Lemma max_le_right : forall x y : U, x <= max x y.

Lemma max_le_left : forall x y : U, y <= max x y.

Hint Resolve max_le_right max_le_left.

Lemma max_le : forall x y z : U, x <= z -> y <= z -> max x y <= z.

Lemma max_le_compat : forall x y z t: U, x <= y -> z <= t -> max x z <= max y t.
Hint Immediate max_le_compat.

Lemma max_idem : forall x, max x x == x.
Hint Resolve max_idem.

Lemma max_sym_le : forall x y, max x y <= max y x.
Hint Resolve max_sym_le.

Lemma max_sym : forall x y, max x y == max y x.
Hint Resolve max_sym.

Lemma max_assoc : forall x y z, max x (max y z) == max (max x y) z.
Hint Resolve max_assoc.

Lemma max_0 : forall x, max 0 x == x.
Hint Resolve max_0.

Instance max_mon : monotonic2 max.
Save.

Definition Max : U -m > U -m > U := mon2 max.

Lemma max_eq_mult : forall k x y, max (k *x) (k *y) == k * max x y.

Lemma max_eq_plus_cte_right : forall x y k, max (x +k) (y +k) == (max x y ) + k.

Hint Resolve max_eq_mult max_eq_plus_cte_right.

Definition and properties of min

Definition min (x y : U) : U := [1-] ((y - x ) + [1-]y ).

Lemma min_eq_left : forall x y : U, x <= y -> min x y == x.

Lemma min_eq_right : forall x y : U, y <= x -> min x y == y.

Hint Resolve min_eq_right min_eq_left.

Lemma min_eq_case : forall x y : U, orc (min x y == x) (min x y == y).

Add Morphism min with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as min_eq_compat.
Save.
Hint Immediate min_eq_compat.

Lemma min_le_right : forall x y : U, min x y <=x.

Lemma min_le_left : forall x y : U, min x y <= y.

Hint Resolve min_le_right min_le_left.

Lemma min_le : forall x y z : U, z <= x -> z <= y -> z <= min x y.

Lemma Uinv_min_max : forall x y, [1-](min x y )==max ([1-]x) ([1-]y).

Lemma Uinv_max_min : forall x y, [1-](max x y )==min ([1-]x) ([1-]y).

Lemma min_idem : forall x, min x x == x.

Lemma min_mult : forall x y k,
    min (k * x) (k * y) == k * (min x y ).
Hint Resolve min_mult.

Lemma min_plus : forall x1 x2 y1 y2,
    (min x1 x2 ) + (min y1 y2 ) <= min (x1 +y1) (x2 +y2).
Hint Resolve min_plus.

Lemma min_plus_cte : forall x y k, min (x + k) (y + k) == (min x y ) + k.
Hint Resolve min_plus_cte.

Lemma min_le_compat : forall x1 y1 x2 y2,
      x1 <=y1 -> x2 <=y2 -> min x1 x2 <= min y1 y2.
Hint Immediate min_le_compat.

Lemma min_sym_le : forall x y, min x y <= min y x.
Hint Resolve min_sym_le.

Lemma min_sym : forall x y, min x y == min y x.
Hint Resolve min_sym.

Lemma min_assoc : forall x y z, min x (min y z) == min (min x y) z.
Hint Resolve min_assoc.

Lemma min_0 : forall x, min 0 x == 0.
Hint Resolve min_0.

Instance min_mon2 : monotonic2 min.
Save.

Definition Min : U -m > U -m > U := mon2 min.

Lemma Min_simpl : forall x y, Min x y = min x y.

Lemma incr_decomp_aux : forall f g : nat -m > U,
     forall n1 n2, (forall m, ~ ((n1 <=m)%nat /\ f n1 <= g m ))
           -> (forall m, ~((n2 <=m)%nat /\ g n2 <= f m )) -> (n1 <=n2)%nat -> False.

Lemma incr_decomp : forall f g: nat -m > U,
     orc (forall n, exc (fun m => (n <=m)%nat /\ f n <= g m))
           (forall n, exc (fun m => (n <=m)%nat /\ g n <= f m)).

Other properties

Lemma Uplus_minus_simpl_right : forall x y, y <= [1-] x -> (x + y ) - y == x.
Hint Resolve Uplus_minus_simpl_right.

Lemma Uplus_minus_simpl_left : forall x y, y <= [1-] x -> (x + y ) - x == y.

Lemma Uminus_assoc_left : forall x y z, (x - y ) - z == x - (y + z ).

Hint Resolve Uminus_assoc_left.

Lemma Uminus_perm : forall x y z, (x - y ) - z == (x - z ) - y.
Hint Resolve Uminus_perm.

Lemma Uminus_le_perm_left : forall x y z, y <= x -> x - y <= z -> x <= z + y.

Lemma Uplus_le_perm_left : forall x y z, x <= y + z -> x - y <= z.

Lemma Uminus_eq_perm_left : forall x y z, y <= x -> x - y == z -> x == z + y.

Lemma Uplus_eq_perm_left : forall x y z, y <= [1-] z -> x == y + z -> x - y == z.

Hint Resolve Uminus_le_perm_left Uminus_eq_perm_left.
Hint Resolve Uplus_le_perm_left Uplus_eq_perm_left.

Lemma Uminus_le_perm_right : forall x y z, z <= y -> x <= y - z -> x + z <= y.

Lemma Uplus_le_perm_right : forall x y z, z <= [1-] x -> x + z <= y -> x <= y - z.
Hint Resolve Uminus_le_perm_right Uplus_le_perm_right.

Lemma Uminus_le_perm : forall x y z, z <= y -> x <= [1-] z -> x <= y - z -> z <= y - x.
Hint Resolve Uminus_le_perm.

Lemma Uminus_eq_perm_right : forall x y z, z <= y -> x == y - z -> x + z == y.
Hint Resolve Uminus_eq_perm_right.

Lemma Uminus_plus_perm : forall x y z, y <= x -> z <= [1-]x -> (x - y ) + z == (x + z ) - y.

Lemma Uminus_zero_le : forall x y, x - y == 0 -> x <= y.

Lemma Uminus_lt_non_zero : forall x y, x < y -> ~ 0 == y - x.
Hint Immediate Uminus_zero_le Uminus_lt_non_zero.

Lemma Ult_le_nth_minus : forall x y, x < y -> exc (fun n => x <= y - [1/]1+n).

Lemma Uinv_plus_minus_left : forall x y, [1-](x + y ) == [1-]x - y.

Lemma Uinv_plus_minus_right : forall x y, [1-](x + y ) == [1-]y - x.

Hint Resolve Uinv_plus_minus_left Uinv_plus_minus_right.

Lemma Ult_le_nth_plus : forall x y, x < y -> exc (fun n : nat => x + [1/]1+n <= y).

Lemma Uminus_distr_left : forall x y z, (x - y ) * z == (x * z ) - (y * z ).

Hint Resolve Uminus_distr_left.

Lemma Uminus_distr_right : forall x y z, x * (y - z ) == (x * y ) - (x * z ).

Hint Resolve Uminus_distr_right.

Lemma Uminus_assoc_right : forall x y z, y <= x -> z <= y -> x - (y - z ) == (x - y ) + z.

Lemma Uplus_minus_assoc_right : forall x y z,
y <= [1-]x -> z <= y -> x + (y - z ) == (x + y ) - z.
Hint Resolve Uplus_minus_assoc_right.

Lemma Uplus_minus_assoc_le : forall x y z, (x + y ) - z <= x + (y - z ).
Hint Resolve Uplus_minus_assoc_le.

Lemma Udiv_minus : forall x y z, ~0 == z -> x <= z -> (x - y ) / z == x /z - y /z.

Lemma Umult_inv_minus : forall x y, x * [1-]y == x - x * y.
Hint Resolve Umult_inv_minus.

Lemma Uinv_mult_minus : forall x y, ([1-]x ) * y == y - x * y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_mult_minus.

Lemma Uminus_plus_perm_right : forall x y z, y <= x -> y <= z -> (x - y ) + z == x + (z - y ).
Hint Resolve Uminus_plus_perm_right.

Lemma Uminus_plus_simpl_mid :
forall x y z, z <= x -> y <= z -> x - y == (x - z ) + (z - y ).
Hint Resolve Uminus_plus_simpl_mid.

triangular inequality

Lemma Uminus_triangular : forall x y z, x - y <= (x - z ) + (z - y ).
Hint Resolve Uminus_triangular.

Lemma Uesp_plus_right_perm : forall x y z,
    x <= [1-] y -> y <= [1-] z -> x & (y + z ) == (x + y ) & z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_plus_right_perm.

Lemma Uplus_esp_assoc : forall x y z,
    x <= [1-]y -> [1-]z <= y -> x + (y & z ) == (x + y ) & z.
Hint Resolve Uplus_esp_assoc.

Lemma Uesp_plus_left_perm : forall x y z,
    [1-]x <= y -> [1-]z <= y -> x & y <= [1-] z -> (x & y ) + z == x + (y & z ).
Hint Resolve Uesp_plus_left_perm.

Lemma Uesp_plus_left_perm_le : forall x y z,
    [1-]x <= y -> [1-]z <= y -> (x & y ) + z <= x + (y & z ).
Hint Resolve Uesp_plus_left_perm_le.

Lemma Uesp_plus_assoc : forall x y z,
    [1-]x <= y -> y <= [1-]z -> x & (y + z ) == (x & y ) + z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_plus_assoc.

Lemma Uminus_assoc_right_perm : forall x y z,
    x <= [1-] z -> z <= y -> x - (y - z ) == x + z - y.
Hint Resolve Uminus_assoc_right_perm.

Lemma Uminus_lt_left : forall x y, ~ 0 == x -> ~ 0 == y -> x - y < x.
Hint Resolve Uminus_lt_left.

Lemma Uesp_mult_le :
  forall x y z, [1-]x <= y -> x * z <= [1-](y * z )
  -> (x & y ) * z == x * z + y * z - z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_mult_le.

Lemma Uesp_mult_ge :
  forall x y z, [1-]x <= y -> [1-](x * z ) <= y * z
  -> (x & y ) * z == (x * z ) & (y * z ) + [1-]z.
Hint Resolve Uesp_mult_ge.

Definition and properties of generalized sums

Definition sigma : (nat -> U) -> nat -m > U.
Defined.

Lemma sigma_0 : forall (f : nat -> U), sigma f O == 0.

Lemma sigma_S : forall (f :nat -> U) (n:nat), sigma f (S n) = (f n ) + (sigma f n ).

Lemma sigma_1 : forall (f : nat -> U), sigma f (S 0) == f O.

Lemma sigma_incr : forall (f : nat -> U) (n m:nat), (n <= m)%nat -> sigma f n <= sigma f m.

Hint Resolve sigma_incr.

Lemma sigma_eq_compat : forall (f g: nat -> U) (n:nat),
(forall k, (k < n)%nat -> f k == g k) -> sigma f n == sigma g n.

Lemma sigma_le_compat : forall (f g: nat -> U) (n:nat),
(forall k, (k < n)%nat -> f k <= g k) -> sigma f n <= sigma g n.

Lemma sigma_S_lift : forall (f :nat -> U) (n:nat),
          sigma f (S n) == (f O ) + (sigma (fun k => f (S k)) n ).

Lemma sigma_plus_lift : forall (f :nat -> U) (n m:nat),
          sigma f (n +m)%nat == sigma f n + sigma (fun k => f (n +k)%nat) m.

Lemma sigma_zero : forall f n,
  (forall k, (k <n)%nat -> f k == 0) -> sigma f n == 0.

Lemma sigma_not_zero : forall f n k, (k <n)%nat -> 0 < f k -> 0 < sigma f n.

Lemma sigma_zero_elim : forall f n,
  (sigma f n ) == 0 -> forall k, (k <n)%nat -> f k == 0.

Hint Resolve sigma_eq_compat sigma_le_compat sigma_zero.

Lemma sigma_le : forall f n k, (k <n)%nat -> f k <= sigma f n.
Hint Resolve sigma_le.

Lemma sigma_minus_decr : forall f n, (forall k, f (S k) <= f k) ->
         sigma (fun k => f k - f (S k)) n == f O - f n.

Lemma sigma_minus_incr : forall f n, (forall k, f k <= f (S k)) ->
         sigma (fun k => f (S k) - f k) n == f n - f O.

Definition and properties of generalized products

Definition prod (alpha : nat -> U) (n:nat) := compn Umult 1 alpha n.

Lemma prod_0 : forall (f : nat -> U), prod f 0 = 1.

Lemma prod_S : forall (f :nat -> U) (n:nat), prod f (S n) = (f n ) * (prod f n ).

Lemma prod_1 : forall (f : nat -> U), prod f (S 0) == f O.

Lemma prod_S_lift : forall (f :nat -> U) (n:nat),
          prod f (S n) == (f O ) * (prod (fun k => f (S k)) n ).

Lemma prod_decr : forall (f : nat -> U) (n m:nat), (n <= m)%nat -> prod f m <= prod f n.

Hint Resolve prod_decr.

Lemma prod_eq_compat : forall (f g: nat -> U) (n:nat),
(forall k, (k < n)%nat -> f k == g k) -> (prod f n ) == (prod g n ).

Lemma prod_le_compat : forall (f g: nat -> U) (n:nat),
(forall k, (k < n)%nat -> f k <= g k) -> prod f n <= prod g n.

Lemma prod_zero : forall f n k, (k <n)%nat -> f k ==0 -> prod f n ==0.

Lemma prod_not_zero : forall f n,
  (forall k, (k <n)%nat -> 0 < f k) -> 0 < prod f n.

Lemma prod_zero_elim : forall f n,
  prod f n == 0 -> exc (fun k => (k <n)%nat /\ f k ==0).

Hint Resolve prod_eq_compat prod_le_compat prod_not_zero.

Lemma prod_le : forall f n k, (k <n)%nat -> prod f n <= f k.

Lemma prod_minus : forall f n, prod f n - prod f (S n) == ([1-]f n ) * prod f n.

Definition Prod : (nat -> U) -> nat -m -> U.
Defined.

Lemma Prod_simpl : forall f n, Prod f n = prod f n.
Hint Resolve Prod_simpl.

Properties of Unth

Lemma Unth_eq_compat : forall n m, n = m -> [1/]1+n == [1/]1+m.
Hint Resolve Unth_eq_compat.

Lemma Unth_zero : [1/]1+0 == 1.

Notation "½" := (Unth 1).

Lemma Unth_one : ½ == [1-] ½.

Hint Resolve Unth_zero Unth_one.

Lemma Unth_one_plus : ½ + ½ == 1.
Hint Resolve Unth_one_plus.

Lemma Unth_one_refl : forall t, ½ * t + ½ * t == t.

Lemma Unth_not_null : forall n, ~ (0 == [1/]1+n ).
Hint Resolve Unth_not_null.

Lemma Unth_lt_zero : forall n, 0 < [1/]1+n.
Hint Resolve Unth_lt_zero.

Lemma Unth_inv_lt_one : forall n, [1-][1/]1+n <1.
Hint Resolve Unth_inv_lt_one.

Lemma Unth_not_one : forall n, ~ (1 == [1-][1/]1+n ).
Hint Resolve Unth_not_one.

Lemma Unth_prop_sigma : forall n, [1/]1+n == [1-] (sigma (fun k => [1/]1+n) n ).
Hint Resolve Unth_prop_sigma.

Lemma Unth_sigma_n : forall n : nat, ~ (1 == sigma (fun k => [1/]1+n) n ).

Lemma Unth_sigma_Sn : forall n : nat, 1 == sigma (fun k => [1/]1+n) (S n).

Hint Resolve Unth_sigma_n Unth_sigma_Sn.

Lemma Unth_decr : forall n m, (n < m)%nat -> [1/]1+m < [1/]1+n.
Hint Resolve Unth_decr.

Lemma Unth_decr_S : forall n, [1/]1+(S n ) < [1/]1+n.
Hint Resolve Unth_decr_S.

Lemma Unth_le_compat :
forall n m, (n <= m)%nat -> [1/]1+m <= [1/]1+n.
Hint Resolve Unth_le_compat.

Lemma Unth_le_equiv :
forall n m, [1/]1+n <= [1/]1+m <-> (m <= n)%nat.

Lemma Unth_eq_equiv :
forall n m, [1/]1+n == [1/]1+m <-> (m = n)%nat.

Lemma Unth_le_half : forall n, [1/]1+(S n ) <= ½.
Hint Resolve Unth_le_half.

Lemma Unth_lt_one : forall n, [1/]1+(S n ) < 1.
Hint Resolve Unth_lt_one.

Mean of two numbers : ½ x + ½ y

Definition mean (x y:U) := ½ * x + ½ * y.

Lemma mean_eq : forall x:U, mean x x ==x.

Lemma mean_le_compat_right : forall x y z, y <= z -> mean x y <= mean x z.

Lemma mean_le_compat_left : forall x y z, x <= y -> mean x z <= mean y z.

Hint Resolve mean_eq mean_le_compat_left mean_le_compat_right.

Lemma mean_lt_compat_right : forall x y z, y < z -> mean x y < mean x z.

Lemma mean_lt_compat_left : forall x y z, x < y -> mean x z < mean y z.

Hint Resolve mean_eq mean_le_compat_left mean_le_compat_right.
Hint Resolve mean_lt_compat_left mean_lt_compat_right.

Lemma mean_le_up : forall x y, x <= y -> mean x y <= y.

Lemma mean_le_down : forall x y, x <= y -> x <= mean x y.

Lemma mean_lt_up : forall x y, x < y -> mean x y < y.

Lemma mean_lt_down : forall x y, x < y -> x < mean x y.

Hint Resolve mean_le_up mean_le_down mean_lt_up mean_lt_down.

Properties of ½

Lemma le_half_inv : forall x, x <= ½ -> x <= [1-] x.

Hint Immediate le_half_inv.

Lemma ge_half_inv : forall x, ½ <= x -> [1-] x <= x.

Hint Immediate ge_half_inv.

Lemma Uinv_le_half_left : forall x, x <= ½ -> ½ <= [1-] x.

Lemma Uinv_le_half_right : forall x, ½ <= x -> [1-] x <= ½.

Hint Resolve Uinv_le_half_left Uinv_le_half_right.

Lemma half_twice : forall x, x <= ½ -> ½ * (x + x ) == x.

Lemma half_twice_le : forall x, ½ * (x + x ) <= x.

Lemma Uinv_half : forall x, ½ * ([1-] x ) + ½ == [1-] ( ½ * x ).

Lemma Uinv_half_plus : forall x, [1-]x + ½ * x == [1-] ( ½ * x ).

Lemma half_esp :
forall x, (½ <= x) -> (½ ) * (x & x ) + ½ == x.

Lemma half_esp_le : forall x, x <= ½ * (x & x ) + ½.
Hint Resolve half_esp_le.

Lemma half_le : forall x y, y <= [1-] y -> x <= y + y -> (½ ) * x <= y.

Lemma half_Unth_le: forall n, ½ * ([1/]1+n ) <= [1/]1+(S n ).
Hint Resolve half_le half_Unth_le.

Lemma half_exp : forall n, ½ ^n == ½ ^(S n ) + ½ ^(S n ).

Diff function : | x - y |

Definition diff (x y:U) := (x - y ) + (y - x ).

Lemma diff_eq : forall x, diff x x == 0.
Hint Resolve diff_eq.

Lemma diff_sym : forall x y, diff x y == diff y x.
Hint Resolve diff_sym.

Lemma diff_zero : forall x, diff x 0 == x.
Hint Resolve diff_zero.

Add Morphism diff with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as diff_eq_compat.
Qed.
Hint Immediate diff_eq_compat.

Lemma diff_plus_ok : forall x y, x - y <= [1-](y - x ).
Hint Resolve diff_plus_ok.

Lemma diff_Uminus : forall x y, x <= y -> diff x y == y - x.

Lemma diff_Uplus_le : forall x y, x <= diff x y + y.
Hint Resolve diff_Uplus_le.

Lemma diff_triangular : forall x y z, diff x y <= diff x z + diff y z.
Hint Resolve diff_triangular.

Density

Lemma Ule_lt_lim : forall x y, (forall t, t < x -> t <= y) -> x <= y.

Lemma Ule_nth_lim : forall x y, (forall p, x <= y + [1/]1+p) -> x <= y.

Properties of least upper bounds

Lemma lub_un : mlub (cte nat 1) == 1.
Hint Resolve lub_un.

Lemma UPlusk_eq : forall k, UPlus k == mon (Uplus k).

Lemma UMultk_eq : forall k, UMult k == mon (Umult k).

Lemma UPlus_continuous_right : forall k, continuous (UPlus k).
Hint Resolve UPlus_continuous_right.

Lemma UPlus_continuous_left : continuous UPlus.
Hint Resolve UPlus_continuous_left.

Lemma UMult_continuous_right : forall k, continuous (UMult k).
Hint Resolve UMult_continuous_right.

Lemma UMult_continuous_left : continuous UMult.
Hint Resolve UMult_continuous_left.

Lemma lub_eq_plus_cte_left : forall (f:nat -m > U) (k:U), lub ((UPlus k ) @ f) == k + lub f.
Hint Resolve lub_eq_plus_cte_left.

Lemma lub_eq_mult : forall (k:U) (f:nat -m > U), lub ((UMult k ) @ f) == k * lub f.
Hint Resolve lub_eq_mult.

Lemma lub_eq_plus_cte_right : forall (f : nat -m > U) (k:U),
           lub ((mshift UPlus k ) @ f) == lub f + k.
Hint Resolve lub_eq_plus_cte_right.

Lemma min_lub_le : forall f g : nat -m > U,
         lub ((Min @2 f) g) <= min (lub f) (lub g).

Lemma min_lub_le_incr_aux : forall f g : nat -m > U,
         (forall n, exc (fun m => (n <=m)%nat /\ f n <= g m))
         -> min (lub f) (lub g) <= lub ((Min @2 f) g).

Lemma min_lub_le_incr : forall f g : nat -m > U,
         min (lub f) (lub g) <= lub ((Min @2 f) g).

Lemma min_continuous2 : continuous2 Min.
Hint Resolve min_continuous2.

Lemma lub_eq_esp_right :
  forall (f : nat -m > U) (k : U), lub ((mshift UEsp k ) @ f) == lub f & k.
Hint Resolve lub_eq_esp_right.

Lemma Udiv_continuous : forall (k:U), continuous (UDiv k).
Hint Resolve Udiv_continuous.

Greatest lower bounds

Definition glb (f:nat -m -> U) := [1-](lub (UInv @ f)).

Lemma glb_le: forall (f : nat -m -> U) (n : nat), glb f <= (f n ).

Lemma le_glb: forall (f : nat -m -> U) (x:U),
      (forall n : nat, x <= f n) -> x <= glb f.
Hint Resolve glb_le le_glb.

Definition Uopp : cpo (o:=Iord U) U.
Defined.

Lemma Uopp_lub_simpl
   : forall h : nat -m -> U, lub (cpo:=Uopp) h = glb h.

Lemma Uopp_mon_seq : forall f:nat -m -> U,
   forall n m:nat, (n <= m)%nat -> f m <= f n.
Hint Resolve Uopp_mon_seq.

Infinite product: Π(i=0..∞) f i

Definition prod_inf (f : nat -> U) : U := glb (Prod f).

Properties of glb

Lemma glb_le_compat:
  forall f g : nat -m -> U, (forall x, f x <= g x) -> glb f <= glb g.
Hint Resolve glb_le_compat.

Lemma glb_eq_compat:
  forall f g : nat -m -> U, f == g -> glb f == glb g.
Hint Resolve glb_eq_compat.

Lemma glb_cte: forall c : U, glb (mon (cte nat (o1:=(Iord U)) c)) == c.
Hint Resolve glb_cte.

Lemma glb_eq_plus_cte_right:
  forall (f : nat -m -> U) (k : U), glb (Imon (mshift UPlus k) @ f) == glb f + k.
Hint Resolve glb_eq_plus_cte_right.

Lemma glb_eq_plus_cte_left:
  forall (f : nat -m -> U) (k : U), glb (Imon (UPlus k) @ f) == k + glb f.
Hint Resolve glb_eq_plus_cte_left.

Lemma glb_eq_mult:
  forall (k : U) (f : nat -m -> U), glb (Imon (UMult k) @ f) == k * glb f.

Lemma Imon2_plus_continuous
       : continuous2 (c1:=Uopp) (c2:=Uopp) (c3:=Uopp) (imon2 Uplus).

Hint Resolve Imon2_plus_continuous.

Lemma Uinv_continuous : continuous (c1:=Uopp) UInv.

Lemma Uinv_lub_eq : forall f : nat -m -> U, [1-](lub (cpo:=Uopp) f ) == lub (UInv@f).

Lemma Uinvopp_mon : monotonic (o2:= Iord U) Uinv.
Hint Resolve Uinvopp_mon.

Definition UInvopp : U -m -> U
   := mon (o2:= Iord U) Uinv (fmonotonic:=Uinvopp_mon).

Lemma UInvopp_simpl : forall x, UInvopp x = [1-]x.

Lemma Uinvopp_continuous : continuous (c2:=Uopp) UInvopp.

Lemma Uinvopp_lub_eq
   : forall f : nat -m > U, [1-](lub f ) == lub (cpo:=Uopp) (UInvopp@f).

Hint Resolve Uinv_continuous Uinvopp_continuous.

Instance Uminus_mon2 : monotonic2 (o2:=Iord U) Uminus.
Save.

Definition UMinus : U -m > U --m > U := mon2 Uminus.

Lemma UMinus_simpl : forall x y, UMinus x y = x - y.

Lemma Uminus_continuous2 : continuous2 (c2:=Uopp) UMinus.
Hint Resolve Uminus_continuous2.

Lemma glb_le_esp : forall f g :nat -m -> U, (glb f ) & (glb g ) <= glb ((imon2 Uesp @2 f) g).
Hint Resolve glb_le_esp.

Lemma Uesp_min : forall a1 a2 b1 b2, min a1 b1 & min a2 b2 <= min (a1 & a2) (b1 & b2).

Defining lubs of arbitrary sequences

Fixpoint seq_max (f:nat -> U) (n:nat) : U := match n with
             O => f O | S p => max (seq_max f p) (f (S p)) end.

Lemma seq_max_incr : forall f n, seq_max f n <= seq_max f (S n).
Hint Resolve seq_max_incr.

Lemma seq_max_le : forall f n, f n <= seq_max f n.
Hint Resolve seq_max_le.

Instance seq_max_mon : forall (f:nat -> U), monotonic (seq_max f).
Save.

Definition sMax (f:nat -> U) : nat -m > U := mon (seq_max f).

Lemma sMax_mult : forall k (f:nat->U), sMax (fun n => k * f n) == UMult k @ sMax f.

Lemma sMax_plus_cte_right : forall k (f:nat-> U),
    sMax (fun n => f n + k) == mshift UPlus k @ sMax f.

Definition Ulub (f:nat -> U) := lub (sMax f).

Lemma le_Ulub : forall f n, f n <= Ulub f.

Lemma Ulub_le : forall f x, (forall n, f n <= x) -> Ulub f <= x.

Hint Resolve le_Ulub Ulub_le.

Lemma Ulub_le_compat : forall f g : nat->U, f <= g -> Ulub f <= Ulub g.
Hint Resolve Ulub_le_compat.

Add Morphism Ulub with signature Oeq ==> Oeq as Ulub_eq_compat.
Save.
Hint Resolve Ulub_eq_compat.

Lemma Ulub_eq_mult : forall k (f:nat->U), Ulub (fun n => k * f n)== k * Ulub f.

Lemma Ulub_eq_plus_cte_right : forall (f:nat->U) k, Ulub (fun n => f n + k)== Ulub f + k.

Hint Resolve Ulub_eq_mult Ulub_eq_plus_cte_right.

Lemma Ulub_eq_esp_right :
  forall (f : nat -> U) (k : U), Ulub (fun n => f n & k) == Ulub f & k.
Hint Resolve lub_eq_esp_right.

Lemma Ulub_le_plus : forall f g, Ulub (fun n => f n + g n) <= Ulub f + Ulub g.
Hint Resolve Ulub_le_plus.

Definition Uglb (f:nat -> U) :U := [1-]Ulub (fun n => [1-](f n )).

Lemma Uglb_le: forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat), Uglb f <= f n.

Lemma le_Uglb: forall (f : nat -> U) (x:U),
  (forall n : nat, x <= f n) -> x <= Uglb f.
Hint Resolve Uglb_le le_Uglb.

Lemma Uglb_le_compat : forall f g : nat -> U, f <= g -> Uglb f <= Uglb g.
Hint Resolve Uglb_le_compat.

Add Morphism Uglb with signature Oeq ==> Oeq as Uglb_eq_compat.
Save.
Hint Resolve Uglb_eq_compat.

Lemma Uglb_eq_plus_cte_right:
  forall (f : nat -> U) (k : U), Uglb (fun n => f n + k) == Uglb f + k.
Hint Resolve Uglb_eq_plus_cte_right.

Lemma Uglb_eq_mult:
  forall (k : U) (f : nat -> U), Uglb (fun n => k * f n) == k * Uglb f.
Hint Resolve Uglb_eq_mult Uglb_eq_plus_cte_right.

Lemma Uglb_le_plus : forall f g, Uglb f + Uglb g <= Uglb (fun n => f n + g n).
Hint Resolve Uglb_le_plus.

Lemma Ulub_lub : forall f:nat -m > U, Ulub f == lub f.
Hint Resolve Ulub_lub.

Lemma Uglb_glb : forall f:nat -m -> U, Uglb f == glb f.
Hint Resolve Uglb_glb.

Lemma Uglb_glb_mon : forall (f:nat -> U) {Hf:monotonic (o2:=Iord U) f}, Uglb f == glb (mon f).
Hint Resolve @Uglb_glb_mon.

Lemma lub_le_plus : forall (f g : nat -m > U), lub ((UPlus @2 f) g) <= lub f + lub g.
Hint Resolve lub_le_plus.

Lemma glb_le_plus : forall (f g:nat -m -> U) , glb f + glb g <= glb ((Imon2 UPlus @2 f) g).
Hint Resolve glb_le_plus.

Lemma lub_eq_plus : forall f g : nat -m > U, lub ((UPlus @2 f) g) == lub f + lub g.
Hint Resolve lub_eq_plus.

Lemma glb_mon : forall f : nat -m > U, Uglb f == f O.

Lemma lub_inv : forall (f g : nat -m > U), (forall n, f n <= [1-] g n) -> lub f <= [1-] (lub g ).

Lemma glb_lift_left : forall (f:nat -m -> U) n,
     glb f == glb (mon (seq_lift_left f n)).
Hint Resolve glb_lift_left.

Lemma Ulub_mon : forall f : nat -m -> U, Ulub f == f O.

Lemma lub_glb_le : forall (f:nat -m > U) (g:nat -m -> U),
      (forall n, f n <= g n) -> lub f <= glb g.

Lemma lub_lub_inv_le : forall f g :nat -m > U,
      (forall n, f n <= [1-]g n) -> lub f <= [1-] lub g.

Lemma Uplus_opp_continuous_right :
     forall k, continuous (c1:=Uopp) (c2:=Uopp) (Imon (UPlus k)).

Lemma Uplus_opp_continuous_left :
     continuous (c1:=Uopp) (c2:=fmon_cpo (o:=Iord U) (c:=Uopp))(Imon2 UPlus).

Hint Resolve Uplus_opp_continuous_right Uplus_opp_continuous_left.

Instance Uplusopp_continuous2 : continuous2 (c1:=Uopp) (c2:=Uopp) (c3:=Uopp) (Imon2 UPlus).
Save.

Lemma Uplusopp_lub_eq : forall (f g : nat -m -> U),
    lub (cpo:=Uopp) f + lub (cpo:=Uopp) g == lub (cpo:=Uopp) ((Imon2 UPlus @2 f) g).

Lemma glb_eq_plus : forall (f g : nat -m -> U), glb ((Imon2 UPlus @2 f) g) == glb f + glb g.
Hint Resolve glb_eq_plus.

Instance UEsp_continuous2 : continuous2 UEsp.
Save.

Lemma Uesp_lub_eq : forall f g : nat -m > U, lub f & lub g == lub ((UEsp @2 f) g).

Instance sigma_mon :monotonic sigma.
Save.

Definition Sigma : (nat -> U ) -m > nat -m > U
    := mon sigma (fmonotonic:=sigma_mon).

Lemma Sigma_simpl : forall f, Sigma f = sigma f.

Lemma sigma_continuous1 : continuous Sigma.

Lemma sigma_lub1 : forall (f : nat -m > (nat -> U )) n,
       sigma (lub f) n == lub ((mshift Sigma n ) @ f).

Definition MF (A:Type) : Type := A -> U.

Definition MFcpo (A:Type) : cpo (MF A) := fcpo cpoU.

Definition MFopp (A:Type) : cpo (o:=Iord (A -> U)) (MF A).
Defined.

Lemma MFopp_lub_eq : forall (A:Type) (h:nat -m -> MF A),
      lub (cpo:=MFopp A) h == fun x => glb (Iord_app x @ h).

Lemma fle_intro : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), (forall x, f x <= g x) -> f <= g.
Hint Resolve fle_intro.

Lemma feq_intro : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), (forall x, f x == g x) -> f == g.
Hint Resolve feq_intro.

Definition fplus (A:Type) (f g : MF A) : MF A :=
               fun x => f x + g x.

Definition fmult (A:Type) (k:U) (f : MF A) : MF A :=
               fun x => k * f x.

Definition finv (A:Type) (f : MF A) : MF A :=
               fun x => [1-] f x.

Definition fzero (A:Type) : MF A :=
               fun x => 0.

Definition fdiv (A:Type) (k:U) (f : MF A) : MF A :=
               fun x => (f x ) / k.

Definition flub (A:Type) (f : nat -m > MF A) : MF A := lub f.

Lemma fplus_simpl : forall (A:Type)(f g : MF A) (x : A),
                             fplus f g x = f x + g x.

Lemma fplus_def : forall (A:Type)(f g : MF A),
                             fplus f g = fun x => f x + g x.

Lemma fmult_simpl : forall (A:Type)(k:U) (f : MF A) (x : A),
                             fmult k f x = k * f x.

Lemma fmult_def : forall (A:Type)(k:U) (f : MF A),
                             fmult k f = fun x => k * f x.

Lemma fdiv_simpl : forall (A:Type)(k:U) (f : MF A) (x : A),
                             fdiv k f x = f x / k.

Lemma fdiv_def : forall (A:Type)(k:U) (f : MF A),
                             fdiv k f = fun x => f x / k.

Implicit Arguments fzero [].

Lemma fzero_simpl : forall (A:Type)(x : A), fzero A x = 0.

Lemma fzero_def : forall (A:Type), fzero A = fun x:A => 0.

Lemma finv_simpl : forall (A:Type)(f : MF A) (x : A), finv f x = [1-]f x.

Lemma finv_def : forall (A:Type)(f : MF A), finv f = fun x => [1-](f x ).

Lemma flub_simpl : forall (A:Type)(f:nat -m > MF A) (x:A),
                           (flub f) x = lub (f <o > x).

Lemma flub_def : forall (A:Type)(f:nat -m > MF A),
                           (flub f ) = fun x => lub (f <o > x).

Hint Resolve fplus_simpl fmult_simpl fzero_simpl finv_simpl flub_simpl.

Definition fone (A:Type) : MF A := fun x => 1.
Implicit Arguments fone [].

Lemma fone_simpl : forall (A:Type) (x:A), fone A x = 1.

Lemma fone_def : forall (A:Type), fone A = fun (x:A) => 1.

Definition fcte (A:Type) (k:U): MF A := fun x => k.
Implicit Arguments fcte [].

Lemma fcte_simpl : forall (A:Type) (k:U) (x:A), fcte A k x = k.

Lemma fcte_def : forall (A:Type) (k:U), fcte A k = fun (x:A) => k.

Definition fminus (A:Type) (f g :MF A) : MF A := fun x => f x - g x.

Lemma fminus_simpl : forall (A:Type) (f g: MF A) (x:A), fminus f g x = f x - g x.

Lemma fminus_def : forall (A:Type) (f g: MF A), fminus f g = fun x => f x - g x.

Definition fesp (A:Type) (f g :MF A) : MF A := fun x => f x & g x.

Lemma fesp_simpl : forall (A:Type) (f g: MF A) (x:A), fesp f g x = f x & g x.

Lemma fesp_def : forall (A:Type) (f g: MF A) , fesp f g = fun x => f x & g x.

Definition fconj (A:Type)(f g:MF A) : MF A := fun x => f x * g x.

Lemma fconj_simpl : forall (A:Type) (f g: MF A) (x:A), fconj f g x = f x * g x.

Lemma fconj_def : forall (A:Type) (f g: MF A), fconj f g = fun x => f x * g x.

Lemma MF_lub_simpl : forall (A:Type) (f : nat -m > MF A) (x:A),
             lub f x = lub (f <o >x).
Hint Resolve MF_lub_simpl.

Lemma MF_lub_def : forall (A:Type) (f : nat -m > MF A),
             lub f = fun x => lub (f <o >x).

Defining morphisms

Lemma fplus_eq_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
          f1 ==f2 -> g1 ==g2 -> fplus f1 g1 == fplus f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism (A:Type) : (@fplus A)
    with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq
    as fplus_feq_compat_morph.
Save.

Instance fplus_mon2 : forall A, monotonic2 (fplus (A:=A)).
Save.
Hint Resolve fplus_mon2.

Lemma fplus_le_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
          f1 <=f2 -> g1 <=g2 -> fplus f1 g1 <= fplus f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fplus A) with signature Ole ++> Ole ++> Ole
    as fplus_fle_compat_morph.
Save.

Lemma finv_eq_compat : forall A (f g:MF A), f ==g -> finv f == finv g.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@finv A) with signature Oeq ==> Oeq
    as finv_feq_compat_morph.
Save.

Instance finv_mon : forall A, monotonic (o2:=Iord (MF A)) (finv (A:=A)).
Save.
Hint Resolve finv_mon.

Lemma finv_le_compat : forall A (f g:MF A), f <= g -> finv g <= finv f.

Add Parametric Morphism A: (@finv A)
   with signature Ole --> Ole as finv_fle_compat_morph.
Save.

Lemma fmult_eq_compat : forall A k1 k2 (f1 f2:MF A),
          k1 == k2 -> f1 == f2 -> fmult k1 f1 == fmult k2 f2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fmult A)
   with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as fmult_feq_compat_morph.
Save.

Instance fmult_mon2 : forall A, monotonic2 (fmult (A:=A)).
Save.
Hint Resolve fmult_mon2.

Lemma fmult_le_compat : forall A k1 k2 (f1 f2:MF A),
          k1 <= k2 -> f1 <= f2 -> fmult k1 f1 <= fmult k2 f2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fmult A)
    with signature Ole ++> Ole ++> Ole as fmult_fle_compat_morph.
Save.

Lemma fminus_eq_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
          f1 == f2 -> g1 == g2 -> fminus f1 g1 == fminus f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fminus A)
    with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as fminus_feq_compat_morph.
Save.

Instance fminus_mon2 : forall A, monotonic2 (o2:=Iord (MF A)) (fminus (A:=A)).
Save.
Hint Resolve fminus_mon2.

Lemma fminus_le_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
          f1 <= f2 -> g2 <= g1 -> fminus f1 g1 <= fminus f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fminus A)
    with signature Ole ++> Ole --> Ole as fminus_fle_compat_morph.
Save.

Lemma fesp_eq_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
          f1 ==f2 -> g1 ==g2 -> fesp f1 g1 == fesp f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fesp A) with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as fesp_feq_compat_morph.
Save.

Instance fesp_mon2 : forall A, monotonic2 (fesp (A:=A)).
Save.
Hint Resolve fesp_mon2.

Lemma fesp_le_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
          f1 <=f2 -> g1 <=g2 -> fesp f1 g1 <= fesp f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fesp A)
   with signature Ole ++> Ole ++> Ole as fesp_fle_compat_morph.
Save.

Lemma fconj_eq_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
           f1 ==f2 -> g1 ==g2 -> fconj f1 g1 == fconj f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fconj A)
   with signature Oeq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq
as fconj_feq_compat_morph.
Save.

Instance fconj_mon2 : forall A, monotonic2 (fconj (A:=A)).
Save.
Hint Resolve fconj_mon2.

Lemma fconj_le_compat : forall A (f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
           f1 <= f2 -> g1 <= g2 -> fconj f1 g1 <= fconj f2 g2.

Add Parametric Morphism A : (@fconj A) with signature Ole ++> Ole ++> Ole
as fconj_fle_compat_morph.
Save.

Hint Immediate fplus_le_compat fplus_eq_compat fesp_le_compat fesp_eq_compat
fmult_le_compat fmult_eq_compat fminus_le_compat fminus_eq_compat
fconj_eq_compat.

Hint Resolve finv_eq_compat.

Elementary properties

Lemma fle_fplus_left : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), f <= fplus f g.

Lemma fle_fplus_right : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), g <= fplus f g.

Lemma fle_fmult : forall (A:Type) (k:U)(f : MF A), fmult k f <= f.

Lemma fle_zero : forall (A:Type) (f : MF A), fzero A <= f.

Lemma fle_one : forall (A:Type) (f : MF A), f <= fone A.

Lemma feq_finv_finv : forall (A:Type) (f : MF A), finv (finv f) == f.

Lemma fle_fesp_left : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), fesp f g <= f.

Lemma fle_fesp_right : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), fesp f g <= g.

Lemma fle_fconj_left : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), fconj f g <= f.

Lemma fle_fconj_right : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A), fconj f g <= g.

Lemma fconj_decomp : forall A (f g : MF A),
f == fplus (fconj f g) (fconj f (finv g)).
Hint Resolve fconj_decomp.

Compatibility of addition of two functions

Definition fplusok (A:Type) (f g : MF A) := f <= finv g.
Hint Unfold fplusok.

Lemma fplusok_sym : forall (A:Type) (f g : MF A) , fplusok f g -> fplusok g f.
Hint Immediate fplusok_sym.

Lemma fplusok_inv : forall (A:Type) (f : MF A) , fplusok f (finv f).
Hint Resolve fplusok_inv.

Lemma fplusok_le_compat : forall (A:Type)(f1 f2 g1 g2:MF A),
      fplusok f2 g2 -> f1 <= f2 -> g1 <= g2 -> fplusok f1 g1.

Hint Resolve fle_fplus_left fle_fplus_right fle_zero fle_one feq_finv_finv finv_le_compat
fle_fmult fle_fesp_left fle_fesp_right fle_fconj_left fle_fconj_right.

Lemma fconj_fplusok : forall (A:Type)(f g h:MF A),
            fplusok g h -> fplusok (fconj f g) (fconj f h).
Hint Resolve fconj_fplusok.

Definition Fconj A : MF A -m > MF A -m > MF A := mon2 (fconj (A:=A)).

Lemma Fconj_simpl : forall A f g, Fconj A f g = fconj f g.

Lemma fconj_sym : forall A (f g : MF A), fconj f g == fconj g f.
Hint Resolve fconj_sym.

Lemma Fconj_sym : forall A (f g : MF A), Fconj A f g == Fconj A g f.
Hint Resolve Fconj_sym.

Lemma lub_MF_simpl : forall A (h : nat -m > MF A) (x:A), lub h x = lub (h <o > x).

Instance fconj_continuous2 A : continuous2 (Fconj A).
Save.

Definition Fmult A : U -m > MF A -m > MF A := mon2 (fmult (A:=A)).

Lemma Fmult_simpl : forall A k f, Fmult A k f = fmult k f.

Lemma Fmult_simpl2 : forall A k f x, Fmult A k f x = k * (f x ).

Lemma fmult_continuous2 : forall A, continuous2 (Fmult A).

Lemma Umult_sym_cst:
  forall A : Type,
  forall (k : U) (f : MF A), (fun x : A => f x * k ) == (fun x : A => k * f x ).

Fixpoints of functions of type A -> U

Section FixDef.
Variable A :Type.

Variable F : MF A -m > MF A.

Definition mufix : MF A := fixp F.

Definition G : MF A --m -> MF A := Imon F.

Definition nufix : MF A := fixp (c:=MFopp A) G.

Lemma mufix_inv : forall f : MF A, F f <= f -> mufix <= f.
Hint Resolve mufix_inv.

Lemma nufix_inv : forall f :MF A, f <= F f -> f <= nufix.
Hint Resolve nufix_inv.

Lemma mufix_le : mufix <= F mufix.
Hint Resolve mufix_le.

Lemma nufix_sup : F nufix <= nufix.
Hint Resolve nufix_sup.

Lemma mufix_eq : continuous F -> mufix == F mufix.
Hint Resolve mufix_eq.

Lemma nufix_eq : continuous (c1:=MFopp A) (c2:=MFopp A) G -> nufix == F nufix.
Hint Resolve nufix_eq.

End FixDef.
Hint Resolve mufix_le mufix_eq nufix_sup nufix_eq.

Definition Fcte (A:Type) (f:MF A) : MF A -m > MF A := mon (cte (MF A) f).

Lemma mufix_cte : forall (A:Type) (f:MF A), mufix (Fcte f) == f.

Lemma nufix_cte : forall (A:Type) (f:MF A), nufix (Fcte f) == f.

Hint Resolve mufix_cte nufix_cte.

Properties of (pseudo-)barycenter of two points

Lemma Uinv_bary :
   forall a b x y : U, a <= [1-]b ->
      [1-] (a * x + b * y ) == a * [1-] x + b * [1-] y + [1-] (a + b ).
Hint Resolve Uinv_bary.

Lemma Uinv_bary_le :
   forall a b x y : U, a <= [1-]b -> a * [1-] x + b * [1-] y <= [1-] (a * x + b * y ).
Hint Resolve Uinv_bary_le.

Lemma Uinv_bary_eq : forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b ->
      [1-] (a * x + b * y ) == a * [1-] x + b * [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_bary_eq.

Lemma bary_refl_eq : forall a b x, a == [1-]b -> a * x + b * x == x.
Hint Resolve bary_refl_eq.

Lemma bary_refl_feq : forall A a b (f:A -> U) ,
      a == [1-]b -> (fun x => a * f x + b * f x ) == f.
Hint Resolve bary_refl_feq.

Lemma bary_le_left : forall a b x y, [1-]b <= a -> x <= y -> x <= a * x + b * y.

Lemma bary_le_right : forall a b x y, a <= [1-]b -> x <= y -> a * x + b * y <= y.

Hint Resolve bary_le_left bary_le_right.

Lemma bary_up_eq : forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b -> x <= y -> a * x + b * y == x + b * (y - x ).

Lemma bary_up_le : forall a b x y : U, a <= [1-]b -> a * x + b * y <= x + b * (y - x ).

Lemma bary_anti_mon : forall a b a' b' x y : U,
  a == [1-]b -> a' == [1-]b' -> a <= a' -> x <= y -> a' * x + b' * y <= a * x + b * y.
Hint Resolve bary_anti_mon.

Lemma bary_Uminus_left :
   forall a b x y : U, a <= [1-]b -> (a * x + b * y ) - x <= b * (y - x ).

Lemma bary_Uminus_left_eq :
    forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b -> x <= y -> (a * x + b * y ) - x == b * (y - x ).

Lemma Uminus_bary_left
   : forall a b x y : U, [1-]a <= b -> x - (a * x + b * y ) <= b * (x - y ).

Lemma Uminus_bary_left_eq
   : forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b -> y <= x -> x - (a * x + b * y ) == b * (x - y ).

Hint Resolve bary_up_eq bary_up_le bary_Uminus_left Uminus_bary_left bary_Uminus_left_eq Uminus_bary_left_eq.

Lemma bary_le_simpl_right
     : forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b -> ~ 0 == a -> a * x + b * y <= y -> x <= y.

Lemma bary_le_simpl_left
     : forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b -> ~ 0 == b -> x <= a * x + b * y -> x <= y.

Lemma diff_bary_left_eq
   : forall a b x y : U, a == [1-]b -> diff x (a * x + b * y) == b * diff x y.
Hint Resolve diff_bary_left_eq.

Lemma Uinv_half_bary :
   forall x y : U, [1-] (½ * x + ½ * y ) == ½ * [1-] x + ½ * [1-] y.
Hint Resolve Uinv_half_bary.

Lemma Uinv_Umult : forall x y, [1-]x * [1-]y == [1-](x -x *y +y ).
Hint Resolve Uinv_Umult.

Properties of generalized sums sigma

Lemma sigma_plus : forall (f g : nat -> U) (n:nat),
   sigma (fun k => (f k ) + (g k )) n == sigma f n + sigma g n.

Definition retract (f : nat -> U) (n : nat) := forall k, (k < n)%nat -> f k <= [1-] (sigma f k ).

Lemma retract_class : forall f n, class (retract f n).
Hint Resolve retract_class.

Lemma retract0 : forall (f : nat -> U), retract f 0.

Lemma retract_pred : forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat), retract f (S n) -> retract f n.

Lemma retractS: forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat), retract f (S n) -> f n <= [1-] (sigma f n ).

Hint Immediate retract_pred retractS.

Lemma retractS_inv :
     forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat), retract f (S n) -> sigma f n <= [1-] f n.
Hint Immediate retractS_inv.

Lemma retractS_intro: forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat),
   retract f n -> f n <= [1-] (sigma f n ) -> retract f (S n).

Hint Resolve retract0 retractS_intro.

Lemma retract_lt : forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat), sigma f n < 1 -> retract f n.

Lemma retract_unif :
    forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat),
             (forall k, (k <=n)%nat -> f k <= [1/]1+n) -> retract f (S n).

Hint Resolve retract_unif.

Lemma retract_unif_Nnth :
  forall (f : nat -> U) (n : nat),
  (forall k : nat, (k <= n)%nat -> f k <= [1/]n) -> retract f n.
Hint Resolve retract_unif_Nnth.

Lemma sigma_mult :
  forall (f : nat -> U) n c, retract f n -> sigma (fun k => c * (f k )) n == c * (sigma f n ).
Hint Resolve sigma_mult.

Lemma sigma_mult_perm :
  forall (f : nat -> U) n c1 c2, retract (fun k => c1 * (f k )) n -> retract (fun k => c2 * (f k )) n
  -> c1 * (sigma (fun k => c2 * (f k )) n ) == c2 * (sigma (fun k => c1 * (f k )) n ).
Hint Resolve sigma_mult_perm.

Lemma sigma_prod_maj : forall (f g : nat -> U) n,
   sigma (fun k => (f k ) * (g k )) n <= sigma f n.

Hint Resolve sigma_prod_maj.

Lemma sigma_prod_le : forall (f g : nat -> U) (c:U), (forall k, (f k ) <= c)
   -> forall n, retract g n -> sigma (fun k => (f k ) * (g k )) n <= c * (sigma g n ).

Lemma sigma_prod_ge : forall (f g : nat -> U) (c:U), (forall k, c <= (f k ))
   -> forall n, (retract g n) -> c * (sigma g n ) <= (sigma (fun k => (f k ) * (g k )) n ).

Hint Resolve sigma_prod_maj sigma_prod_le sigma_prod_ge.

Lemma sigma_inv : forall (f g : nat -> U) (n:nat), (retract f n) ->
  [1-] (sigma (fun k => f k * g k) n ) == (sigma (fun k => f k * [1-] (g k )) n ) + [1-] (sigma f n ).

Lemma sigma_inv_simpl : forall (n:nat) (f: nat -> U),
    sigma (fun i => [1/]1+n * [1-] (f i )) (S n) == [1-] sigma (fun i => [1/]1+n * (f i )) (S n).

Product by an integer

Definition of Nmult n x written n */ x

Fixpoint Nmult (n: nat) (x : U) {struct n} : U :=
match n with O => 0 | (S O) => x | S p => x + (Nmult p x ) end.

Condition for n */ x to be exact : n = 0 or x <= 1/n

Definition Nmult_def (n: nat) (x : U) :=
match n with O => True | S p => x <= [1/]1+p end.

Lemma Nmult_def_O : forall x, Nmult_def O x.
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_O.

Lemma Nmult_def_1 : forall x, Nmult_def (S O) x.
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_1.

Lemma Nmult_def_intro : forall n x , x <= [1/]1+n -> Nmult_def (S n) x.
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_intro.

Lemma Nmult_def_Unth_le : forall n m, (n <= S m)%nat -> Nmult_def n ([1/]1+m).
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_Unth_le.

Lemma Nmult_def_le : forall n m x, (n <= S m)%nat -> x <= [1/]1+m -> Nmult_def n x.
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_le.

Lemma Nmult_def_Unth: forall n , Nmult_def (S n) ([1/]1+n).
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_Unth.

Lemma Nmult_def_Nnth : forall n, Nmult_def n ([1/]n).
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_Nnth.

Lemma Nmult_def_pred : forall n x, Nmult_def (S n) x -> Nmult_def n x.

Hint Immediate Nmult_def_pred.

Lemma Nmult_defS : forall n x, Nmult_def (S n) x -> x <= [1/]1+n.
Hint Immediate Nmult_defS.

Lemma Nmult_def_class : forall n p, class (Nmult_def n p).
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_class.

Infix "*/" := Nmult (at level 60) : U_scope.

Add Morphism Nmult_def with signature eq ==> Oeq ==> iff as Nmult_def_eq_compat.
Save.

Lemma Nmult_def_zero : forall n, Nmult_def n 0.
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_zero.

Properties of n */ x

Lemma Nmult_0 : forall (x:U), O */ x = 0.

Lemma Nmult_1 : forall (x:U), (S O ) */ x = x.

Lemma Nmult_zero : forall n, n */ 0 == 0.

Lemma Nmult_SS : forall (n:nat) (x:U), S (S n) */ x = x + (S n */ x ).

Lemma Nmult_2 : forall (x:U), 2 */ x = x + x.

Lemma Nmult_S : forall (n:nat) (x:U), S n */ x == x + (n */ x ).

Hint Resolve Nmult_0 Nmult_zero Nmult_1 Nmult_SS Nmult_2 Nmult_S.

Add Morphism Nmult with signature eq ==> Oeq ==> Oeq as Nmult_eq_compat.
Save.
Hint Immediate Nmult_eq_compat.

Lemma Nmult_eq_compat_left : forall (n:nat) (x y:U), x == y -> n */ x == n */ y.

Lemma Nmult_eq_compat_right : forall (n m:nat) (x:U), (n = m)%nat -> n */ x == m */ x.
Hint Resolve Nmult_eq_compat_right.

Lemma Nmult_le_compat_right : forall n x y, x <= y -> n */ x <= n */ y.

Lemma Nmult_le_compat_left : forall n m x, (n <= m)%nat -> n */ x <= m */ x.

Hint Resolve Nmult_eq_compat_right Nmult_le_compat_right Nmult_le_compat_left.

Lemma Nmult_le_compat : forall (n m:nat) x y, n <= m -> x <= y -> n */ x <= m */ y.
Hint Immediate Nmult_le_compat.

Instance Nmult_mon2 : monotonic2 Nmult.
Save.

Definition NMult : nat -m > U -m > U :=mon2 Nmult.

Lemma Nmult_sigma : forall (n:nat) (x:U), n */ x == sigma (fun k => x) n.

Hint Resolve Nmult_sigma.

Lemma Nmult_Unth_prop : forall n:nat, [1/]1+n == [1-] (n */ ([1/]1+n )).
Hint Resolve Nmult_Unth_prop.

Lemma Nmult_n_Unth: forall n:nat, n */ [1/]1+n == [1-] ([1/]1+n ).

Lemma Nmult_Sn_Unth: forall n:nat, S n */ [1/]1+n == 1.

Hint Resolve Nmult_n_Unth Nmult_Sn_Unth.

Lemma Nmult_ge_Sn_Unth: forall n k, (S n <= k)%nat -> k */ [1/]1+n == 1.

Lemma Nmult_n_Nnth : forall n : nat, (0 < n)%nat -> n */ [1/]n == 1.
Hint Resolve Nmult_n_Nnth.

Lemma Nnth_S : forall n, [1/](S n ) == [1/]1+n.

Lemma Nmult_le_n_Unth: forall n k, (k <= n)%nat -> k */ [1/]1+n <= [1-] ([1/]1+n ).

Hint Resolve Nmult_ge_Sn_Unth Nmult_le_n_Unth.

Lemma Nmult_def_inv : forall n x, Nmult_def (S n) x -> n */ x <= [1-] x.
Hint Resolve Nmult_def_inv.

Lemma Nmult_Umult_assoc_left : forall n x y, Nmult_def n