HCID-101 • Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction
M2R Interaction • Fundamentals of Human-Computer Interaction

2013-2014

Lectures: building 640 (PUIO), room D203 (Wednesday) or B109 (Thursday)
Instructor: Michel Beaudouin-Lafon mbl@lri.fr
TA: David Bonnet - TA web site
Exam Date 27 November, 2-4pm, room D203

The only allowed document for the exam is one two-sided A4 sheet with your own notes.

This page and its content are solely for students enrolled in the 2013-2014 HCID and Interaction Masters at Université Paris-Sud. It contains instructor's material (slides and audio recordings) that are not to be distributed without the author's written consent, and copyrighted materials (such as articles) that are only made available under the fair use exception to copyright law.

Lecture 1: Wednesday 25 September, 9am-12pm, D203
Lecture 2: Thursday 26 September, 9am-12pm, B109

Lecture 3: Wednesday 2 October, 9am-12pm, D203
TA 1: Thursday 3 October, 9am-12pm, B109

TA 2: Wednesday 9 October, 9am-12pm, B109
TA 3: Thursday 10 October, 9am-12pm, B109

Lecture 4: Thursday 17 October, 9am-12pm, B109

Lecture 5: Wednesday 23 October, 9am-12pm, D203
TA 4: Thursday 24 October, 9am-12pm, B109

Lecture 6: Wednesday 30 October, 9am-12pm, D203
Lecture 7: Thursday 31 October, 9am-12pm, B109

TA 5: Wednesday 6 November, 9am-12pm, B109
TA 6: Thursday 7 November, 9am-12pm, B109

Lecture 8: Wednesday 13 November, 9am-12pm, B109
TA 7: Thursday 14 October, 9am-12pm, B109

TA 8: Thursday 21 November, 9am-12pm, room E210

Former exams (please note that the content of the course has changed over the years)

• In French: 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008
• In English: 2005 - 2009 - 2011 - 2012

Course Summary

This is a joint course between the first year of the ICT Labs Master in Human-Computer Interaction and Design and the second year Specialty in Interaction of the Research Master in Computer Science.

The course gives an overview of the field of human-computer interaction, including a short history of HCI, a review of interaction styles, basic elements of psychology and software engineering for HCI, an in-depth analysis of graphical interaction, a sampling of post-WIMP interaction techniques, the notion of conceptual modeling, and a range of theories and models for HCI.

Lecture 1 — 25 September 2013 — Introduction and History of HCI

Handouts

• Introduction
• A Brief History of HCI (part 1)

Audio recordings

• Introduction
• A Brief History of HCI

Videos shown in class

• SketchPad
• NLS/Augment short segment on groupware - Full video of The "mother of all demos" - Edited version

Note: some videos don't play in the browser and must be downloaded to view them with VLC.

Readings

Papers about visions:

• As we May Think. Vannevar Bush, The Atlantic Monthly, 1947
• Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework. Douglas Engelbart, SRI Report, 1962 (original report)
• The Computer for the 21st Century. Mark Weiser, Scientific American, 1991
• Interaction is more Powerful than Algorithms. Peter Wegner, Communications of the ACM, 1997
• Interacting in Chaos. Dan Olsen, ACM Interactions, 1999

Historical papers:

• The Xerox Star: a Retrospective. Jeff Johnson et al., IEEE Computer, 1989
• The Making of the Mouse. Alex Soojung-Kim Pang, Invention&Technology, 2002.
• Inventing the Lisa User Interface. Roderick Perkins, Dan Smith Keller and Frank Ludolph, ACM Interactions, 1997 (see the figures here)
• A Brief History of Human-Computer Interaction Technology. Brad Myers, ACM Interactions, 1998

Historical videos:

• SketchPad
• NLS/Augment short segment on groupware - Full video of The "mother of all demos" - Edited version
• Xerox Star introduction video - Video of the Star User Interface (1984) - Video of the "Last Xerox Star Demo" (1998)

Note: some videos don't play in the browser and must be downloaded to view them with VLC.

About innovation and invention:

• Innovation vs. Invention. Bill Buxton, Business Week, 2005
• The Long Nose of Innovation. Bill Buxton, Business Week, 2009
• Modeling and Forecasting the Information Sciences. Brian Gaines, Information Sciences, 1999

Lecture 2 — 26 September 2013 — Interaction styles, Psychology 101

Handouts

• Interaction styles
• Psychology 101

Audio recordings

• A Brief History of HCI (part 2)
• Interaction styles - Psychology (part 1)

Videos shown in class

• The "Last Xerox Star Demo" (1998)
• Myron Krueger - Video Place (1988)
• Pierre Wellner - Digital Desk (1993)

Readings

Historical videos

• Myron Krueger - Video Place (1988)
• Rich Bolt / Chris Schmandt - Put-that-there (1979)
• Pierre Wellner - Digital Desk (1993)

Videos about gesture-based interaction:

• Bill Buxton - Multitouch tablet (1985)
• Minority report (2002) - scene with gesture-based interface
• Jeff Han - TED talk on multitouch interface (2006)
• Leap Motion (2012)

Interaction Styles:

• Direct Manipulation Interfaces. Ed Hutchins, James Hollan & Don Norman, HCI Journal, 1985.
• Direct Manipulation vs. Interface Agents. Ben Shneiderman & Pattie Maes, ACM Interactions, 1997.
• Augmented Reality: Linking Real and Virtual Worlds. Wendy Mackay, Proc. Advanced Visual Interfaces, 1998.
• Tangible Bits: Towards Seamless Interfaces between People, Bits and Atoms. Hiroshi Ishii & Brygg Ullmer, Proc. ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'97), 1997.

Psychology:

• Behaviorism
• Cognitivism
• Gestalt perception
• James J. Gibson

Lecture 3 — 2 October 2013 — Psychology 101 - Graphical Interaction

Handouts

• Graphical Interaction

Audio recordings

• Psychology 101
• Psychology 101 - Graphical Interaction
• Sheppard-Risset glissando

Readings in Psychology

Visual system:

• Held & Hein's experiment
• Preattentive processing (from Perception in Visualization)
• Change blindness (from Perception in Visualization) - See also this video and this one

Visual illusions:

• Ames room
• 99 Visual Phenomena & Optical Illusions
• Mighty Optical Illusions
• Hermann's Grid (my personal favorite) - see explanation here

Auditory illusion:

• Shepard-Risset tone: an infinite glissando (see also this page and the wikipedia page)

Motor system:

• The Information Capacity of the Human Motor System in Controlling the Amplitude of Movement. Paul Fitts. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1954. (See also the wikipedia page)
• Fitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction. Scott Mackenzie. HCI Journal, 1992.
• Asymmetric Division of Labo in Human Skilled Bimanuel Action: The Kinematic Chain as a Model. Yves Guiard, Journal of Motor Behaviour, 1987.

Memory:

• Types of memory (from The Human Memory)
• The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two. George A. Miller, Psychology Review, 1955. (see also the wikipedia page)
• The Forgetting Pill - article from Wired Magazine, february 2012

Cognition:

• Action theory, Don Norman
• Plans and Situated Actions, Lucy Suchman.
• Situated cognition

Lecture 4 — 17 October 2013 — Graphical Interaction

Audio recordings

• Graphical Interaction part 1
• Graphical Interaction part 2 and UIST 2013 Best Of

Videos shown in class

Videos from the UIST 2013 conference:

• Soft Composite Materials for Shape Changing Interfaces - Yao, Niiuama, Ou, Follmer, Della Silva and Ishii
• Touch & Activate: Adding Interactivity to Existing Objects using Active Acoustic Sensing - Ono, Shizuki and Tanaka
• Controlling Widgets with One Power-up Button - Spelmezan, Appert, Chapuis and Pietriga
• Transmogrification: Casual Manipulation of Visualizations - Brosz, Nacenta, Pusch, Carpendale and Hurter
• dePENd: Augmented Handwriting System - Yamahoka and Kakehi
• Imaginary Reality Games - Baudisch, Pohl, Reinicke, Wittmers, Lühne, Knaust, Köhler, Schmidt, Holz
• inFORM: Dynamic Physical Affordances and Constraints through Shape and Object Actuation - Follmer, Leithinger, Olwal, Hogge and Ishii

Software

• Sublime Text - text editor with multiple cursors

Lecture 5 — 22 October 2013 — Advanced Graphical Interaction

Handouts

• Pointing and Navigation
• Instrumental Interaction

Audio recordings

• Pointing and Navigation NOTE: This is last year's lecture recording because I failed to record it this year :-(
• Instrumental Interaction

Videos shown in class

• Drag'n'pop
• Semantic pointing (click the demo link to get to the Java applet)
• Bubble cursor (video)
• Dynaspot (video)
• Pad++
• OrthoZoom
• Crossy
• CPN200

Demos shown in class

• Zip archive containing 3 Tcl/Tk demos that can be run from the terminal, assuming you have installed the Tcl/Tk (installed by default on Mac OS X):
  % wish indirect.tcl   - direct vs. indirect manipulation
  % wish search.tcl     - instrumental text search
  % wish guidelines.tcl - magnetic guidelines

Readings

• Fitt's Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction, I. Scott MacKenzie, Human-Computer Interaction, 1992.
• Pad - An Alternative Approach to the Computer Interface, Perlin & Fox, SIGGRAPH 1992.
• Instrumental Interaction: An Interaction Model for Designing Post-WIMP Interfaces, Beaudouin-Lafon, ACM CHI 2000.
• Reification, Polymorphism and Reuse: Three Design Principles for Designing Visual Interfaces, Beaudouin-Lafon & Mackay
• The Architecture and Implementation of CPN2000, A Post-WIMP Graphical Application, Beaudouin-Lafon & Lassen, ACM UIST 2000. CPNtools web site.

Lecture 6 — 30 October 2013 — Conceptual Modeling

Handouts

• Conceptual Modeling

Audio recordings

• Conceptual Modeling - part 1
• Conceptual Modeling - part 2

Readings

• Don Norman - The Design of Everyday Things
• Carelman - Catalogue des objets introuvables - see also images from the original edition and an online version based on his later exhibit and the book.

Lecture 7 — 13 November 2013 — Theories and Models

Handouts

• Theories and Models for HCI

Audio recordings

• Theories and Models - part 1
• Theories and Models - part 2

Readings

• Karl Popper. His most famous book:
  The Logic of Scientific Discovery
• HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks, John Carroll (Ed). Available also on ScienceDirect. I used this book extensively to prepare this lecture.

Action and perception:

• Pre-attentive processing (infovis wiki). Research paper:
  Search asymmetry: A diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features, A. Treisman and J. Souther, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1985.
• Gestalt perception
• Ecological Psychology. James J. Gibson's seminal book:
  The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (also on Google Books)
• Hick's law (also known as Hick-Hyman law). Research paper:
  On the rate of gain of information, W.E. Hick, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1952.
• Fitts' law. Research paper:
  The Information Capacity of the Human Motor System in Controlling the Amplitude of Movement, P. Fitts, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1954.
  Fitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction. Scott Mackenzie, HCI Journal, 1992.
• Kinematic chain - this entry describes the general concept of a kinematic chain.
  Asymmetric Division of Labo in Human Skilled Bimanuel Action: The Kinematic Chain as a Model, Y. Guiard, Journal of Motor Behaviour, 1987. Research paper about kinematic chain and bimanual interaction.
  A study in two-handed input, W. Buxton and B. Myers, Proc. ACM CHI'86, 1986. The first study of bimanual input (HTML version).
  Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See-Through Interface, E. Bier et al., Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH 93, 1993. An advanced bimanual interface using Guiard's principles. Video

Cognition and behaviour:

• Action Theory, from The Design of Everyday Things, Don Norman, 2002. The revised edition is not out yet.
• Plans and Situated Action, Lucy Suchman. PDF version.
  Human-Machine Reconfigurations, recently revised version of the above.
• Activity Theory
  Beyond the Interface: Encountering Artifacts in Use, L. Bannon and S. Bodker, in Designing Interaction: Psychology at the Human-Computer Interface, 1991. Introduced Activity Theory into HCI.
  Acting with Technology: Activity Theory and Interaction Design, V. Kaptelenin and B. Nardi, 2009. A recent book on activity theory and HCI.
• Cognitive Dimensions of Notation. Research paper:
  Notational Systems – the Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework, A. Blackwell and T. Green, in HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks, 2003.
  Web site with additional resources.

HCI models and theories:

• A Morphological Analysis of the Design Space of Input Devices, S. Card et al., ACM Trans. Office Information Systems, 1991.
• The UAN: a user-oriented representation for direct manipulation interface designs, R. Hartson, A. Siochi and D. Hix, ACM Trans. Office Information Systems, 1990.
• SwingStates: Adding state machines to Java and the Swing toolkit, C. Appert and M. Beaudouin-Lafon. Jal Software Practice and Experience, 2008.
  Web site with downlable library and examples.
• GOMS, Keystroke-level model
  The Psychology of Human Computer Interaction, S. Card, T. Moran and A. Newell, 1983.
  Project Ernestine: A validation of GOMS for prediction and explanation of real-world task performance W. Gray et al., Human-Computer Interaction, 1993.
  Extensions of GOMS analyses to expert performance requiring perception of dynamic visual and auditory information, B. John, Proc. ACM CHI'90, 1990.
• Instrumental Interaction: An Interaction Model for Designing Post-WIMP Interfaces, M. Beaudouin-Lafon, Proc. ACM CHI 2000, 2000.

Software engineering:

• User Interface Management Systems: Present and Future, M. Beaudouin-Lafon, Eurographics, 1994.
• MVC, see also history of MVC
  A cookbook for using the model-view controller user interface paradigm in Smalltalk-80, G. Krasner and S. Pope, Jal Object-Oriented Programming, 1988.
• PAC
  PAC, an Object-Oriented Model for Dialog Design, J. Coutaz, Proc. INTERACT 87, 1987.

Lecture 8 — 30 October 2013 — User Interface Toolkits

Handouts

• User Interface Toolkits

Audio recordings

• Theories and Models for HCI
• User Interface Toolkits

Material shown in class

• Metisse is not a 3D Desktop!
• User interface facades
• XCode interface builder demo - See also Apple web site

Readings

• Metisse window system (web page)